The 7 Best Technologies Of The Colour Television

FTA Receiver

Uses
Mainstream radio
In some countries it is common for traditional broadcasters to broadcast their channels on the FTA satellite. More specifically, German-speaking countries, most of the major terrestrial broadcasters such as ARD Das Erste, ZDF, ORF TLC satellite broadcasts and offers, as some of the latest satellite rivals such as Sat.1, 3sat and RTL. The satellites on which these channels for Astra 19.2 East, are admissible in most of Europe.
In the UK, all top five terrestrial broadcasters, BBC One, BBC Two, ITV1, Channel 4, Five and digital satellite broadcasting in TLC, in any form, including many regional variations. However, in some countries, it is not the norm for traditional channels ETS satellite television broadcasting.
Ethnic and religious programming
FTA receivers are sold in the United States and Canada to see the satellite channels unencrypted free-to-air, most of which are on Galaxy 19 (97W, Ku band). There is also a significant amount of programming based on Christian values, available on several satellites at once in North America and Europe as The God Channel, JCTV, EWTN, and 3ABN.
Educational programs
PBS Satellite Service offers educational programs on Ku-band DVB satellite AMC 21 (125W). Since there is no MPEG audio standard in most of these channels, AC3, only require a compatible Dolby Digital receiver. They are free. Channels include PBS-HD/PBS-X and several high school programs are normally performed on sub-channels of digital ground stations PBS members.
The greatest power of PBS in New York is not the version of satellite service free-air PBS stations pay local land Members the possibility of issuing material before it is available on PBS or PBS-X HD. In general, PBS-X programs implemented RSS (unless new) one day after PBS land that principal.
U.S. terrestrial broadcasters
Many of these channels led to the major TV programming affiliates.
Equity Broadcasting has used a Ku band (Galaxy 18 123W) and a C-band satellite power as a key element of its investment centralcasting operation, many stations local small UHF were supplied by a central point of Little Rock, Arkansas satellite free-to-air. Most were members of the secondary terrestrial networks, including both U.S. English and Spanish-language broadcasters, and content of satellite broadcasts often fed by the air-sub-stations, digital channel land. Such as television programming network Retro Retro jams had been granted on several occasions, broadcasters, music videos and music More 123W Tube were previously available, before being received (But now MTV3 music) or cessation of operations.
Similarly, in clear satellite Ku-band also has been used temporarily as a result of Hurricane Katrina in 2005 as a way to feed programming to NBC studios in New Orleans out of a broadcaster State content feeds of content, and branding New Orleans station damaged in a form suitable for direct feed to a transmitter (study Untreated below) in the target market.
Paradoxically, many local stations UHF stock ownership solid obtained national coverage of satellite despite the small tracks of land that LPTV barely cover their communities of origin par. In many cases, have smaller networks and broadcast in Spanish communities that otherwise would not have free access to this content.
As the statistics of market for these television stations companies such as Nielsen Media Research is based in the count of viewers in the footsteps of the terrestrial signal corresponding grades seriously underestimated or did not estimate the number of households that receive programming such as satellite feeds Univisin FTA. The settlement of the capital group of broadcasting stations in mid-2009 has significantly reduced the number of stations of land available in the United States Ku-band satellite free-to-air, while a handful uplink stations of the land are free (especially in C-band, which requires a larger antenna) are other independent sources.
Rural and hobby use
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digital signals over the air television do not go very far outside the city in which they are transmitted. FTA receivers can be used in rural areas as a fairly reliable source of television without subscribing to cable key or satellite provider.
Terrestrial broadcasters to use part of about 30 satellites in North America to provide food for internal purposes. These flows can be received well by anyone with the decoder. Satellite signals are normally well beyond the coverage area of radio. DXers also use FTA receivers to see the wildfeeds many circumstances of many smooth surfaces of these satellites.
In theory, an observer in Glendive, Montana (the smallest of North American television) may have received this small local CBS and NBC programming is available via land along a Ku band dish with other free-air commercial networks (including ABC and several Fox TV affiliates to 123W) and educational programming (PBS satellite service 125W). Unfortunately there is no guarantee that all the individual programs are available FTA or those that are continue to spread in a compatible format – in this example, ABC lost a viewer and mid-Fox equity, due to the bankruptcy of 2009.
Signal Piracy
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The widespread popularity FTA receivers is due in part to use the same technology used by Dish Network Echostar BCE and Bell TV. Often, hackers are able to alter the design software and add the necessary code to enable unauthorized reception of all the channels offered by Dish Network, including pay-per-view. Manufacturers, importers and distributors of FTA receivers do not condone this practice and will not sell to people who according to them, to use their products for this purpose. Use Software third parties in general, does not void the warranty. More manufacturers of free trade is in court with Dish Network and / or federal authorities, see the News Legal
Unlike the pirate decryption that involve altered smart cards used with satellite receivers manufactured and distributed by the supplier, piracy involving FTA receivers require only a firmware update for the receiver. countermeasures to disable electronic access cards not have no effect of FTA receivers, it is not likely to be updated remotely. The firmware of the receptors themselves can not be replaced by code malicious as satellite receivers item from the supplier. The receivers also have the advantage of being able to receive programming from several providers more legitimate DVB free-to-air are not part of a package, a valuable capability is absent from most of the receivers combined sold by DBS providers. DVB-S is a standard international and therefore the restriction imposed by the industry as a Bell TV receiver is not interchangeable with a receiver antenna system (same box) and are not interchangeable with GlobeCast World TV receiver (also DVB) is an artificial one created by suppliers and non-compliance, either by pirates or legitimate unencrypted FTA viewers.
Periodically, a provider of change processes in which information is sent encrypted. In this case, a third-party coders will release an updated version FTA receiver modified software in dozens of forums on the Internet. This usually occurs within hours to days after the counter-measure is applied, although some counter-measures helped encryption to stay as long as several months. Recipients, meanwhile, is still able to receive DVB-S broadcasts clear and (for some models of HDTV) ATSC programming. The same does not happen with the level of subscription television, for which you unsubscribe from a pay-TV package causes a loss of all channels. The encryption currently used by Bell TV and Dish Network has proven fragile United Nations since June 2009. This made all FTA receivers mentioned in the next section to see any unnecessary manufacturer Bell ExpressVu Dish Network channels. Anyone claiming to have a solution to this problem lies in court outside the jail and thousands of dollars in fines.
The use of renewable energy security allows smart card vendors to submit new all subscribers existing systems of commitment encryption (like Nagravision 1 and 2) are replaced by new projects (now Nagravision 3). This swap "map" process can provide pay-TV operators with some kind of effective control in deciphering the pirates, but at the expense of replacement of smart cards on all receivers existing subscribed. While this approach is used by most vendors, deployments tend to be slow because of cost.
Although smart card piracy often involves people who have access to reprogram cards for others (usually for a fee), piracy of FTA receivers with third party software that is relatively easy to download to the recipient and can even be downloaded via a USB device, network or serial connection (a process called "flash"). Most firmware is distributed free on the Internet. Third Party Sites that coders use to share this software often anywhere from 50 000 to over 200,000 users registered.
Another pirate decryption method has become popular recently known as Internet Key Sharing (IKS). This is accomplished through an Ethernet cable connected the receiver that allows the decryption key updates for your unit directly on the Internet. The DVB-S, common encryption and different conditional access systems are based on the use of a smart card that generates a legitimately signed continuous flow of cryptographic keys used to decrypt one channel at a receiver. An exchange system Key works by redistributing the keys in real time to multiple receivers in an unlimited number of places for a valid smart card can serve many viewers.
In June 2009 [Update] The system was the only active pirate decryption is still widely used in satellite television North America, because two terminals Nagravision system compromised by suppliers as Dish Network and Bell TV.
But this is limited by the range the string or also known as CW (Control Word). Usually, the interval for the renewal of SFC is 10 seconds, but other systems (ie NDS3) CW intervals are 5 seconds or less. Each channel usually has a different set of SP for decryption, so that each box is a channel specific application periodically during the SP from the server / smart card for that specific channel. So probably, the distribution of the card can not be unlimited. There are some restrictions that changes in frequency and latency of the CW network. If the SP does not arrive on time, could have a crack in the freezing or the picture.
Of course, there are other options faces as legitimately have multiple subscriptions cards handling a small number of channels and a CW cache server.
The dependence on an external server also potentially endangers the privacy of the viewers and make the system compatible with many receiver models that can be connected to an external network and / Or lack the capacity to establish or modify some or key identifiers used in communication between the card and the receiver.
Features Common
The installation menu
Setup menu
This is the main control panel that allows the user to configure the receiver to interact with LNB, switches, motors and other equipment. The user selects the type of LNB local oscillator frequency, the appropriate port DiSEqC switch and engine settings. If the settings are correct for the team if necessary, a bar that shows the signal strength and quality appears. At that time, the receiver can be used to scan the satellite to detect channels.
FTA receivers scan all transponders on the satellite to detect channels.
Blind Scan
There are 63 satellites in orbit over the Americas, 57 in Europe and 64 more in Asia, a significant number of debtors to be in any one place. Each has a different number transponders assets. Each transponder operates at a different frequency and symbol rate. Many FTA receivers are designed to detect any assets repeaters and all channels transponder. Because they are designed to do this without having to be pre-programmed with data from each satellite transponder, this process is called "blind" as opposed to an analysis by scanning analyzes satellite transponder according to the defaults.
Channel Master, created by SharpC, is a popular software for editing strings.
channel change / sort
Once the scan is complete, the channels can often be sorted alphabetically satellite transponder or order, or scrambled / clear in the order. In addition, third-party software often provides an option to order via ID station (SID) Number. This is so that individual channels can be numbered in a way that mimics the programming of Dish Network or Bell TV. The channels can also be renamed or removed, or a menu screen or external software.
The most popular software used to configure and sort channels is a database program called Channel Master, which allows the user name, number, type and delete channels and store them in a format that can be entered into the receiver. Record created that contains the channel information is termed a channel list. receptor models of many old and abandoned channel is compatible with the Master, if the most recent and others are less popular.
User Configuration
Most FTA receivers give the user can set the language, the aspect ratio, TV type (NTSC / PAL) and time parameters.
In general, most FTA receivers can accept a video stream in MPEG-2 PAL compatible (540/704/720 x 576) or compatible NTSC (640 x 480) and convert image formats for viewing either PAL or NTSC monitor. There is some loss of data due to the low resolution image of NTSC. Some receivers also supports SCART output, S-video or component.
Parental Control
All FTA receivers include a locking function of the parents.
Motor control DiSEqC switch
Unlike receptors package promoted for use with a limited number of satellite television with a particular supplier payment, a receiver is designed to be capable of receiving signals free from all available satellites visible to a particular location. To fully exploit this capacity, most FTA receivers, Ku band control a DiSEqC motor that can turn a single dish to see, among many other satellites.
Another approach to a fixed point of the antenna (or LNB) to each satellite to receive (at the time of the power of the individual signals in a remote switch) is compatible with FTA receivers and small standard receiving pay-TV package. The most common standard for use with FTA receivers is a DiSEqC switch that normally allows the selection Automatic signal of four satellites. A simple two-position remote control switch for a tone of 22 kHz is also sometimes used the American Home North, but this configuration is not compatible with European-style universal LNB, using the tone for the bandwidth of internal switching.
Torus antenna can be used with multiple LNB to receive multiple satellites in different locations in an arc of 40. Unlike standard single-dish satellite dish (which is the appropriate to the tone of a satellite station to a single point), the antenna reflector uses a pair of toroidal focusing multiple signals on one line.
individual pairs adjacent to or near side (as in 97W and 101W Glorystar) can be received, because its proximity with two LNBs otherwise looks like a standard geometrically flat dish. Results of these different LNB can be powered by a circuit to a receiver, which gives access to all signals from both satellites.
EPG
A screen display program also can be seen as descriptive information about a selected program. The availability and quality of the EPG information varies considerably among agencies Broadcasting (Some give nothing) and the ability of recipients to collect and store ads from multiple sources Guide is also variable. Receivers more memory (or storage on external devices such as hard drives) are often but not always, better able to store and retrieve programming listings screen. In some cases, a receiver with two tuners and satellite Earth Online will offer a guide to support the operation mode, but not both.
PVR
A few high-end receivers have the ability to record programs, pause, and examination of live television. Often, a hard disk is not included in the device is purchased, allowing the user to install a hard drive that you want. Many new units are equipped with a USB 2.0 port allows users to connect a portable hard drive, at least one unit (uses Pansat 9200HD) SATA external storage medium such as PVR.
Some receivers, like TripleDragon or Dream Multimedia Dreambox series based on Linux, providing local network interfaces. This allows the use Network Attached Storage to provide PVR-like (some of these models also include internal hard drives or USB) and allows unit to control or update via the network.
The use of maps of the desktop personal computer to implement DVB-S or TV tuners terrestrial digital allows the computer's hard drive and network storage be used for archiving an electronic TV guide information and registered. Most part or all of the basic PVR functionality will be available by default to little or no additional cost.
MPEG4 4:02:02
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Most FTA receivers support DVB-S, MPEG-2, 480i or 576i SDTV was clearly the Ku-band satellite QPSK.
Rarely supported by the FTA receiver independent but probably with the support of DVB-S FTA tuners for personal computers, are MPEG-4 and MPEG-2 4:2:2 variants of MPEG compression algorithm that provides compression increasing the color resolution, respectively. As personal computers to manage a large part of the video decompression software, any codec person may be easily replaced on the desktop.
The high-definition television begins to be supported by a limited number of high-end receivers, at least one independent high-end receiver (media Quali-TV 1080IR) two 4:2:2 and HDTV.
4:02:02 ET version of MPEG-2 compression used in flow network, like NBC in the Ku band (103w). Some networks use radio transmission encoding 4:02:02 clear, moreover, sporting events local ground stations, as it gives a slightly better color than standard compression of 4:02:00.
In some cases, additional standards support (such as DVB-S2, 8PSK and MPEG-4) will also be required to receive a signal visible. The use of new means of modulation and compression is likely to be more common high definition television feeds, partly offset as much transponder space needed to provide high-definition video to television stations.
DTT
In countries that use the DVB-T and DVB-C for digital terrestrial TV and digital cable receivers offer an option install high-end DVB terrestrial tuner, either alongside or in place of the population of DVB-S tuner. Dream Multimedia DreamBox series, for example, supports this on selected models.
In countries with ATSC tuners included in the FTA terrestrial DVB-S is rare, with one important exception. Some receivers terrestrial HDTV tuners include ATSC FTA. This is generally not compatible with ATSC digital subchannel major.minor single numbering system or the on-screen programming guide but are able to show (or timeshift) local HDTV without loss of detail. Chains of these receptors are numbered according to the conventions of ALE whereby the first channel is more often arbitrarily given a channel number and virtual channel.
HDTV
A few top receivers HDTV final feature. In North America, these often include a TV to air digital ATSC and MPEG-4 support. A few units allow HDTV the addition of a UHF remote control. However, an 8PSK module can be mounted in place of the UHF remote control and allows the receiver to decode the format used in most DISH Network programming in high definition.
These units are superior to DVD recorders for time shifting TV programming in high definition, Like most units to convert DVD-OTA HDTV signals for standard definition to match the limits of standard DVDs. An FTA HDTV receiver ATSC capacity USB storage and can record one channel of a transport stream of digital terrestrial or satellite completely lossless Although the guide screen for terrestrial reception is often limited and the display or storage of NTSC analog channels is not supported.
Controversy
Software Metering free
Despite significant amounts of programming are free, there is no security viewers all the individual programs available today are still in open. Some will inevitably shift to mixed signals formats (like MPEG 4:2:2, 8PSK, DVB-S2 and MPEG-4), the change of freedom of encryption, go to the location from different satellites (often by bands, where the receiving antenna in C band requires much more important) or stop completely.
For providers to indicate voluntarily receiver each time they use the lists of currently available TLC programming for marketing purposes, which may occur free channels with often move and disappear, often permanently, without notice. An example in North America Equity Broadcasting was once an important source of small local TV stations via satellite for free. Equity filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy on December 9, 2008, and most of the ground stations shares have been sold at auction in mid-2009. Like many stations (such as New York and WNYI WNGS) were sold to Daystar and now represents nothing but the signals for free-to-air (Galaxy 18 123W) are not. Same if a signal still exists, a compatible signal format, such as the NBC feeds (AMC 1 103w now requires 8PSK DVB-S2 HDTV support and to receive anything) can delete a channel of virtually all standard FTA receiver.
receptor obsolescence
Most receivers provide options for expansion of the material (such as adding 8PSK DVB card or receive subscription television Common Interface) and updating firmware (Formal or nominally third party sources.) In most cases, once the individual receiver model is discontinued, this support quickly disappears and scalability from all sources. Migratory flows to existing formats such as MPEG-4, HDTV or DVB-S2 (which many current receivers are not compatible) can also lead to losing viewers of the existing programs without the team quickly becomes obsolete. set-top boxes Unlike digital, most of the standard definition DVB-S not converted to HD programming and therefore do not produce usable video signals.
There were also incidents where the receiver designs existing ones have been "cloned" or copied by rival manufacturers, a manufacturer is often to reduce the support of a receiver design widely copied. In some cases, the malware has been released, apparently in the same format as the existing third-party firmware in an attempt to interfere with the subsequent use of the design of a particular receptor cloned.
Legal issues
FTA receivers are ostensibly designed to free-air use, but can be adapted for other purposes. In some jurisdictions, this dual-use nature can cause problems. Therefore, the fight against piracy of FTA receivers has been difficult using legal means.
In July 2007, Echostar filed a lawsuit against a Viewtech Oceanside, California, the importer of the popular Viewsat brand, arguing that intentionally allowed Viewtech other businesses engineers to write software that allows unauthorized access to DISH Network programming. Among the reasons cited at trial to support this claim is the fact that, according to a legal brief, "the channels are Free-to-air does not offer the same kind of popular programming has found in television packages subscription (eg, HBO, ESPN, etc..) instead of watching TV, free-to-air are generally limited religious, ethnic, business, music, news and advertising. "According to Echostar, programming is not popular enough to justify the estimated 2 million FTA receivers that have been sold last year. Echostar also alleges that the Viewsat dealers often advertised on Web sites used to share information on how to obtain unauthorized access programming.
Viewtech has since filed a motion to dismiss the complaint, saying the company has no active role in the robbery DISH Network programming. Viewtech said manufacturers and distributors can not be held liable for piracy by end users. The company also claims that Echostar can not sue the Viewtech infringement of copyright because Echostar does not own the rights to the content it offers.
Legal Update
December 2009 Junk your Viewtech Kwak (Viewsat) is convicted of making illegal satellite receivers in a court of law and is seeking 18 months' detention federal and unlimited fine. The fine may finally be in the hundreds of thousands of dollars.
In August 2009, Coolsat (freetech Inc.) was found guilty of manufacturing illegal satellite box called TLC, which gave all his personal property and business of Star Nagra Dish Network and Technology. They were also fined 100 million dollars.
Also in December 2009 on most if not all units have been closed and are indigenous knowledge systems in court, ie sound, nFusion, KBOX.
In 2009, both business owners and home users have been taken to the courtyard of the prison and strong economic sanctions. According the Act and Digital Millennium Copyright Act, U.S. Communications. In Canada, the Association Photos movement and cable and satellite companies have followed many vendors and computer users of the FTA.
January 2010, Robert Ward has been fined U.S. $ 50 million. The fine is based on the fact that it has added ALE files "pirates" hundreds satellite piracy site, and is based on a U.S. dollar fine for him, as the charger for each person is estimated loaded. This study shows that Internet addresses and Web sites are monitored by DishNetwork and Bell ExpressView officers and agents of the United States and Canada the government federal.
Echostar has since filed similar suits against Panarex, a company in North Hollywood, California, which imports the Pansat brand and Freetech, San Jose, California-based company that imports Coolsat brand.
Prosecutors also have been published against the person. Robert Ward (a known culprit fine of 50 million U.S. $) (supposedly known in the web forums as thedssguy TLC, truthfulness and DM) is called in case number 8:08-cv-00.590-JSM-TBM in Tampa Florida. Ward's attorney filed motions to dismiss two counts of demand, based on illegal behavior. A lawsuit was also filed against Andrew Bates (known Snaggs) in Canada. A lawsuit against someone using the handle BlondeBitch is filed in the case # – 08-CL-007 372 by Bell TV and 08-CL-007 373 by EchoStar.
David Fuss (found guilty a court in Canada, $ 60 million Canadian dollar fine), the owner of ftaworld.com, a popular online store based FTA receiver in Toronto, Ontario, was attacked in an Anton Piller order in April 2008. Fuss, is accused of providing financial support for a number of FTA receiver brands, including Cooltec Ariza, Pantec and Homesat (Many of them are imitations of the most popular Coolsat, Viewsat and Pansat models). He is also accused of providing third-party software brands that have allowed customers to receive programming from Dish Network and Bell TV without having to pay subscription fees.
July 7, 2008, filed a counterclaim Viewtech (deleted for his pleading guilty after Viewtech) Case 3:07-cv-01273-W-AJB, against Echostar, now known as DISH Network, an antitrust lawsuit alleging misconduct by EchoStar, citing numerous violations of the Sherman Anti-Trust Act, Clayton Act, Cartwright Act and the Business and Professions Code of California, and trade libel. Viewtech sales charges also Dish Network ethnic programming that otherwise would be free with a receiver, unfair competition and violation of California is unfair Trade Practices Act. Requested a jury trial Viewtech, praying for relief, restitution, penalties and legal order of these violations.
The practices of some programming providers satellite (like Dish Network and Bell TV) require its subscribers use specific models of receivers sold exclusively through these companies, instead of receiving DVB-S with the TLC and support Nagravision, have severely distorted the market at the expense of manufacturers of all receptor competition. The interests of the FTA broadcasters (whose programming is not permissible to use receptors packages programmed by a vendor to pay, which may be installed outside of the package) and consumers (whose choices are artificially limited by these constraints) are also affected. In some cases, viewers ethnic can have two set-top boxes, DVB TV receiver for himself (one to receive programming without Galaxy 19 at 97W, one to receive the pay-TV) – Otherwise an unnecessary and expensive.
Echostar LLC now known as Dish Network LLC filed an application for extension of time to respond to earlier claims, and a jury trial is always in the future. This was resolved in favor of EchoStar LLC.
See also
Satellite free-to-air TV
PBS Satellite Service used in AMC-3 (87W), now on AMC 21 (125W)
GlobeCast World TV and ethnic television Galaxy 19 (97W)
Glorystar and Religious programming AMC4 (101W)
Equity Broadcasting ago in Galaxy 18 (123W), now extinct
Home2US free-to-air and subscription AMC4 ethnic (101W)
Retro TV network AMC9 (83W)
White Springs TV Galaxy 27 (127W)
Bell TV, Dish Network and the issues associated with these pirate decryption systems
References
SatcoDX Satellite Chart ^
^ Http: / / www.lyngsat.com/galaxy19.html – the main source of ethnic free satellite TV North America
http://www.lyngsat.com/amc21.html Do you have a wide range of educational programs for PBS
^ U.S. Free TV, satellite TV LyngSat directory, Christian Lyngemark
^ LyngSat – AMC 15/18 to 8PSK requires 105W, C-band, MPEG4, DVB-S2, for NBC
Equity Media Holdings Corporation ^ Contribution Files Voluntary Petition for Chapter 11 protection from bankruptcy, MSNBC, December 9, 2008
^ Http: / / www.lyngsat.com/galaxy18.html – The former home of the Justice for broadcasting on DVB-S FTA, now largely vacant
top brands
Ariza
Buzz
Captain
CaptiveWorks
Conaxsat
Coolsat
Digiwave
Dreambox
ExtremeView
Fortec Star
Humax
KBOX
Matrix
Neosat
Neusat
Nfusion
Pansat
Satopia
Skyview
Sonicview
Starview
Technomate
Traxis
Viewsat
Visionsat
Wingsatt
Peripherals
Satellite TV
LNB
DiSEqC
Satellites Automatic Location System Universal
References
Free channels TV
Free-air radio stations
Official site of the Master Site
Search Channel Astra
EV
Issuance and management of encryption Digital Rights
Conditional access
Security CableCARD conditional access systems renewable
DVB
Common Interface + Common Scrambling Algorithm CI Conditional Access Module Syndication DVB-CPCM DVB-CI
Smart cards and encryption
BISS Conax Cryptoworks Irdeto Viaccess Nagravision NDS VideoGuard DigiCipher Wegener KeyFly SAR SECA Mediaguard PowerVu
DRM
Domain B-CAS Authorized Broadcast flag HDCP restrictions Hardware
Security of data
Server Card distribution of pirate cards decoded TLC
Analog distributed encoding
EuroCrypt VideoCrypt Videocipher
See also access to television in free and pay
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