The 7 Best Technologies Of The Colour Television

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The Egyptians used the papyrus for sales messages and posters. advertising and political campaign displays have been found in the ruins Pompeii and ancient Arabia. Matching advertising on papyrus was common in ancient Greece and ancient Rome. Mural or rock of commercial advertising is another manifestation of an ancient form of publicity, which is present today in many parts of Asia, Africa and South America. The mural painting tradition dates back to the cave paintings India dating back to 4000 BC. [Lesson 4] tells us that advertising hoardings outside the home are the oldest forms of advertising.

As cities of the Middle Ages began to grow, and the general public has been unable to read the signs now say shoemaker, miller, blacksmith, tailor or use an image associated with your profession as a boot, a suit, a hat, a watch, a diamond, a horseshoe, a candle or even a bag of flour. Fruits and vegetables were sold in the city square on the shoulders carts and wagons and their owners used to call the street (peddlers) to announce their places for the convenience of customers.

Since education is has become a clear need and reading as well as printing, advertising at points expanded to include handbills. In a 17th century ad began appearing in newspapers week in England. These early print advertisements were used mainly to promote books and newspapers, which became increasingly affordable development in print and medicines increasingly requested the disease ravaged Europe. However, false advertising and so-called "quack" advertisements became a problem that began in the regulation of advertising content.

As the economy grew during the 19th century, along with increased advertising. In the U.S., the success of this advertising format eventually led to the growth of direct mail advertising.

In June 1836, the French newspaper The press was the first to include paid advertising in its pages, allowing you to lower prices, broaden its readership and increase their profitability and formula was quickly copied by all titles. Around 1840, Volney Palmer established a precedent for Boston advertising agencies. [May] Meanwhile, in France, Charles-Louis Havas expanded its services news agency, Havas to include brokerage advertising, which in fact, the first French group to organize. Initially, agencies were agents of advertising space in newspapers. NW Ayer & Son was the first full-service agency to assume responsibility for the content of advertising. NW Ayer Opened in 1869, and was in Philadelphia [5].

A 1895 ad for a weight gain product.

At the turn of the century, had few career options for women in business, but advertising has been one of the few. Since women were responsible for most purchases at home, advertisers and agencies recognized the value of women's intuition in the creative process. In fact, the first American advertising to use a copy has been created by a woman sex – A soap product. Although grown under the current rules, the ad appears a couple with the message "The skin you love to play" [6].

In the decade 1920, first radio stations were established by radio equipment manufacturers and retailers that offer programs in order to sell more radios to consumers. With the time, many non-profit organizations followed suit by creating their own radio stations, and included: schools, clubs and civic groups. [7] When the practice of sponsoring programs became popular, each individual radio program was usually sponsored by one company in return for a brief mention the name of the company at the beginning and end of shows sponsored. However, radio station owners soon realized he could make more money by the sale of sponsorship rights in the allocation of time for small businesses through multiple broadcasts its radio station, rather than sell the rights corporate sponsorship just for the show.

A print ad for the issue of the Encyclopedia Britannica 1913

This practice was performed on television in the 1940s and early 1950s. A fierce battle took place between those seeking to sell the radio and people who argue the spectrum Radio should be considered part of the House of Commons – to use only non-commercial purposes and for the public good. UK continues a pattern of funding public for the BBC, originally a private company, the British Broadcasting Company and incorporated in an audience by Royal Charter in 1927. In Canada, advocates like Graham Spry also been able to convince the federal government to adopt a model of public funding, the creation of the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. However, United States, the capitalist model imposed with the approval of the Communications Act 1934, which created the Federal Communications Commission [7]. To placate the socialists, U.S. Congress required the Commercial broadcasters operate in the public interest, convenience and necessity "[8]. Management there is now public in the U.S. because the 1967 Public Broadcasting Act that led to public broadcasting and the National Public Radio.

In the 1950s, the Dumont television network began the modern trend of selling advertising space to multiple sponsors. Previously, Dumont had trouble to find sponsors for many of their programs and compensated by selling smaller blocks of advertising time to several businesses. This term has become the standard industrial to commercial television in the United States. However, it remains a common practice for single sponsor shows, such as the time of the U.S. Steel. In some cases, the sponsors exercised great control over the content of the sample – up to and including the advertising agency was writing the series. The single model sponsor is much less prevalent now, a notable exception is the Hall of Fame Hallmark.

The 1960s saw advertising transform into an approach Modern, where creativity has been allowed to shine, producing unexpected messages that made advertisements more tempting to the eyes of consumers. The advertising campaign Volkswagen with titles like "think small" and "Lemon" (which have been used to describe the look of the car)-ushered in the era of modern advertising by promoting a "position" or "unique selling proposition" designed to associate each brand with a clear idea the reader or the viewer's mind. This period of American advertising is called creative revolution and its archetype was William Bernbach who helped create ads revolutionary Volkswagen, among others. Some of the dates of American advertising's most creative and long-standing at this time.

The 1980s and early 1990s saw the introduction of cable television and particularly MTV. Pioneering the concept of music video, MTV launched a new type of advertising: the consumer in air the ad, rather than a byproduct or later. In cable television and satellite became increasingly common, thematic channels emerged, including channels entirely devoted to advertising, such as QVC, Home Shopping Network, Canada and ShopTV.

Marketing on the Internet has opened new frontiers for advertisers and has contributed to the dot-com 1990s. societies across the network only in advertising revenue, offering everything from coupons to free Internet access. Back the 21st century, a number of Web sites, including Google search engine, launched a new online advertising by emphasizing contextually relevant, unobtrusive ads intended to help rather than overwhelm the users. This led to a plethora of initiatives and similar increasing trend of interactive advertising.

The proportion of advertising spending relative to GDP has changed little through major changes in the media. For example, the United States in 1925, media advertising in major newspapers, magazines, posters on streetcars, and outdoor posters. advertising expenditure as a percentage of GDP was about 2.9 percent. In 1998, television and radio will become the means of advertising. However, advertising expenditure as a percentage of GDP was slightly lower, around 2.4 percent [9].

A recent innovation is advertising guerrilla marketing, which involve unusual approaches such as meetings held in public places Gift of products such as cars that are covered by the brand messages and interactive advertising where the viewer can respond to advertising advertising message.Guerrilla Party is increasingly popular among many companies. This type of advertising is unpredictable and innovative, This makes consumers buy the product or idea. This reflects a trend increasingly interactive and "embedded" ads, for example, product placement, consumers vote by SMS, and various innovations that use the services Social networks like MySpace.

[Edit advertising] Public Function

The same advertising techniques used to promote commercial products and services can be used to inform, educate and motivate the public about non-trade issues such as HIV / AIDS, energy conservation, ideology policy, and deforestation.

Advertising, in its non-commercial, is a powerful educational tool capable of reaching and motivating the public. "The Advertising justifies its existence when used in the public interest – which is a very powerful tool to use solely for commercial purposes. "- Attributed to Howard Gossage by David Ogilvy.

public service announcements, advertising business, the public interest because of marketing advertising and marketing office are different terms for (or aspects of) the use of advertising and marketing sophisticated communications techniques (generally associated with the company commercial) on behalf of non-commercial, public interest issues and initiatives.

U.S. licensing of radio and television is subject a radio station the FCC a number of public service advertising. To meet these requirements, many radio stations in America air the bulk of necessary public service announcements during the night or early morning when the smallest percentage of viewers watching, allowing the slots and the first day already available in the market for high salary advertisers.

Public service advertising reached its height during the two world wars and II, under the direction of several governments.

[Edit] Types of advertising

Paying people to hold signs is one of the oldest forms of advertising, that man Directional photographed over a bus with an advertisement for GAP in Singapore. Buses and other vehicles are popular media for advertisers. A DBAG Class 101 with UNICEF ads Ingolstadt main railway station

Virtually any device can be used for advertising. Commercial advertising can include wall paintings, billboards, street furniture, printed brochures and postcards of support, radio, film and television, banners, mobile telephone screens, carts, web popups, skywriting, bus benches, billboards of man, magazines, newspapers, town criers, sides of buses, banners attached or aircraft parts (Logojets "), advertising of flying on the shelves in the back seat or storage bins, doors of taxis, ceiling mounts and passenger screens, musical shows, subway platforms and trains, elastic bands on disposable diapers, the doors of the bathroom posts, stickers on apples in supermarkets, shopping cart handles (grabertising) the first section of audio and video, posters, and the backs of event tickets and supermarket receipts. Any place an "identified" sponsor pays to deliver their message through a medium is advertising.

[Edit] TV

Articles main television advertising and music in advertising

The TV spot is generally considered the most effective form of advertising market mass, as evidenced by the high prices TV networks charge for commercial broadcast television during popular events. The annual football game Super Bowl in the United States known as the most important event on television advertising. The average cost of a thirty-second television commercial during the game only reached U.S. $ 3 million (2009).

Most of the ads on TV have a song or melody that listeners soon relate to the product.

Virtual ads can be inserted into regular television programming through computer graphics. Scenarios usually inserted into otherwise blank [10] or to replace billboards are irrelevant to local public broadcasting distance [11]. More controversial, virtual billboards may be inserted at the bottom [12] where do not exist in real life. Virtual product placement is also possible. [13] [14]

[Edit infomercials]

Main article: Infomercial

An infomercial is a television advertisement in long format, typically five minutes or more. The word infomercial is a portmanteau of the words "information" and "commercial." The main goal in business is to create an impulse purchase, so that the consumer believes that a presentation and immediately buys the product through the toll-free number advertised or website. Infomercials describe, display and demonstrate products frequently and their characteristics, and often have evidence to consumers and industry professionals.

[Edit] Radio Advertising

Radio advertising is a form of radio advertising.

Radio advertisements are broadcast as radio waves in the air from a transmitter to an antenna and a receiver and a camera. Bought airtime on a station or network in exchange for advertising media. While radio has the obvious weakness of only the sound, promoters Radio advertising often cite this as an advantage.

[Edit] Press Advertising

describes the advertising newspaper advertising in print like a newspaper, magazine, or journal. This includes everything from the media widely, as a major national newspaper or magazine, the more specific means, such as newspapers and magazines on specialized topics. A form of advertising in the press adverts, which allows individuals or companies to buy an ad, highly targeted advertising for a product or service low rate.

[Edit] Online Advertising

Online advertising is a form of promotion that uses the Internet and World Wide Web on the target declared the delivery of marketing messages to attract customers. Examples of online advertising contextual ads that appear in the pages of search engine results, banner Advertising on text ads, rich media advertising, advertising networks social networking online classified advertising and e-mail marketing including e-mail spam.

[Edit] Billboard Advertising

Billboards are large structures in public places shows that advertising to pedestrians and motorists. Very often, are located on the main streets with lots of passing motor and pedestrian traffic, but can be placed anywhere with a lot of spectators, and in transit vehicles and stations, in shopping centers or office buildings, and stadiums.

[Edit advertising] Mobile Panel

The newspaper said the target market RedEye on North Avenue Beach with a billboard sailboat on Lake Michigan.

panels phones are usually mounted on the panels of the vehicle or digital displays. These can be built either in vehicles used to achieve the ads along predetermined routes by customers, can also be equipped trucks or, in some cases, large posters scattered plans. The panels are lit, some being lit, and others use projectors. Some displays are static, while other changes, for example, continuously or periodically rotating among a set ad.

mobile displays are used in various situations in metropolitan areas worldwide, including:

• Target Advertising
• one-day campaigns, and long-term
• Conventions
• Sporting Events
• Store openings and other promotional events
• Big business ads small
• Other

[Edit store advertising]

In-store advertising has placed an advertisement in a retail store. Included product placement in visible locations in a store, the level of the eyes, the ends of aisles and counters near the body, an eye-catching poster promoting specific product, and advertising in places such as cars and store video screens.

[Edit] surreptitious advertising

Article: The site Product

surreptitious advertising, also known as guerilla advertising is when a product or brand is rooted in the entertainment and media. For example, in a film, the main character can use one object to another for a specific brand, like in the movie Minority Report where Tom Cruise the character John Anderton owns a phone with the Nokia logo clearly written in the top corner, or his watch engraved with the Bulgari logo. Another example of advertising in film is in I, Robot, where main character played by Will Smith mentions Converse shoes several times, calling them "classics" because the movie place in the distant future. I, Robot and Spaceballs futuristic show cars also with Audi and Mercedes-Benz logo clearly displayed on the front of vehicles. Cadillac chose to advertise in the movie The Matrix Reloaded, which, as many scenes in which Cadillac cars were used. Also product placement Omega Watches, Ford, Vaio, BMW and Aston Martin are also in the recent James Bond film, Casino Royale, in particular. In "Fantastic Four: Rise of the Silver Surfer, "the main transport vehicle displays a logo on the big Dodge before. Blade Runner has some of the more obvious product placement while the film fails to show a signal Coca-Cola advertising.

[Edit Celebs]

Main article: Celebrity Branding

This type of advertising focuses Using the power of celebrity, fame, money, popularity of obtaining recognition of its products and promoting stores or products. Advertisers usually advertise their products, for example, when celebrities share their favorite products or clothing brands and designers. Celebrities are often involved in advertising campaigns such as television or print ads advertising of specific products or general.

The use of celebrities to support a brand can have its drawbacks, however. An error of a celebrity can be bad for public relations of a mark. For example, after execution of eight gold medals at the 2008 Olympic Games in Beijing, China, the employment of swimmer Michael Phelps Kellogg's was closed, as Kellogg's did not want to meet him after he was photographed smoking marijuana.

[Edit] Media and advertising approaches

Increasingly, other media are overtaking many "traditional" media such as television, radio and newspapers due to a shift to consumers using the Internet for news and music and devices such as digital video recorders (DVRs) like TiVo.

Advertising on the World Wide Web is a recent phenomenon. Price of advertising on the network depend on the "relevance" of the surrounding web content and traffic, the site receives.

Digital communication is becoming a media important because of its ability to reach a larger audience for less money. The digital display also offers a unique opportunity to see the audience who are affected by the environment. Technology Progress has also helped to control the message on the digital screen with great accuracy, allowing messages relevant the target audience a time and place which in turn becomes more response from advertising. The digital display is used successfully in supermarkets. [15] Another effective use of signage Digital is in safe havens, such as restaurants [16]. and shopping centers [17].

E-mail advertising is another new phenomenon. Unsolicited bulk messages e-mail advertising is known as "e-mail from spam. Spam is a problem for email users for years.

Some companies have proposed to place messages or corporate logos on the side of booster rockets and the International Space Station. There is controversy about the effectiveness of subliminal advertising (see mind control), and the pervasiveness of mass messages (see propaganda).

Unpaid advertising (also called advertising "Advertising") can provide good exposure at minimal cost. Personal recommendations ("make friends", "sell") spreading rumors, or achieve the feat of drawing with a common name (in the United States, "Xerox" = "photocopier" "Kleenex" = tissue, "Vaseline" Vaseline = "Hoover" = vacuum cleaner, "Nintendo" (often used by those who are exposed to many video games) = video games, and "Band-Aid" = adhesive bandage) – can be regarded as the pinnacle of any advertising campaign. However, some companies oppose the use of its brand name to identify an object. Assimilating a brand with a common name is also likely to mark a mark genericized – making it a generic term which means that their protection mark law is lost.

As the mobile phone has become a media again in 1998 when the first downloadable content appeared paid mobile phones in Finland, was only a matter of time until mobile advertising followed, also launched in Finland 2000. In 2007, the value of mobile advertising had reached 2.2 billion dollars and providers such as AdMob million dollars for the delivery of mobile ads.

More advanced features include banner mobile ads, coupons, multimedia messaging service photo and video, advergames and various engagement marketing campaigns. A special feature driving mobile ads is the 2D Barcode, which replaces the need for an onslaught of Web addresses, and uses the Modern camera phone immediate access to Web content. 83 percent of Japanese mobile phone users already are active users of 2D barcodes.

A new form of advertising that is growing rapidly is social network advertising. Online advertising is the emphasis on networking sites social. It is a relatively immature market, but showed great promise as advertisers are able to benefit from demographic information provided on the site social networks. Friendertising is a more accurate term advertising that people are capable of direct mail with other directly using this social networking service.

Occasionally, the CW Television Network airs short programming breaks called "content wraps," to advertise products of a single company for a commercial complex break. The CW pioneered "content wraps and hot products were Herbal Essences, Crest, Guitar Hero II, CoverGirl, and Toyota recently.

Recently, it seems a new concept to promote, "ARvertising" advertising technologies in augmented reality.

[Edit] Criticism of advertising

Although advertising can be regarded as necessary for economic growth is not without social cost. Commercial messages unsolicited and other forms of spam have become so ubiquitous that they have become a major nuisance to users of these services, besides being a financial burden providers of Internet services [18]. Advertising is increasingly invading public spaces such as schools, which some critics say is a form of child exploitation. [19] In addition, advertisements often use psychological pressure (eg, appeal to the feelings of powerlessness) for consumption, which can be harmful.

[Edit] Hyper-commercialism and trade tsunami

The criticism of advertising is closely related to the criticism and the media often interchangeable. You can refer to audio-visual aspects (eg, fill the public spaces and the waves), environmental issues (pollution, large containers, the more consumption), political aspects (eg, dependence on the media, freedom of expression, censorship), aspects financial (cost), ethics / moral / social (eg, subconscious influence, target groups, invasion of privacy, increased consumption and products waste, honesty) and, of course, a mixture thereof. Some aspects can be divided and some may cover more than one category.

As the market advertising has become increasingly prevalent in modern Western societies, it is also increasingly criticized. A person can barely move in the field public or use a method without being subjected to advertising. Occupying public space advertising and increasingly invading the privacy of individuals, which many consider a nuisance. "It becomes more difficult to escape the publicity and the media. … The public space is increasingly more products on a giant billboard of any kind. Consequences aesthetic and political can not yet foresee. [20] Hanno Rauterberg in the German newspaper Die Zeit published demands a new kind of dictatorship can not be lose [21].

Ad creep: "There are ads in schools, fairs airport, doctors' offices, cinemas, hospitals, gas stations, elevators, convenience stores, the Internet, fruits, at ATMs in the garbage cans and countless other places. There are ads on a sandy beach and walls bathrooms. [22] "One of the ironies of advertising in our times is that the increased commercialization, making it more difficult for any advertiser in particular to succeed, so pushing the advertiser to even greater efforts. "[23] In a decade in radio advertising has increased to around 18 or 19 minutes per hour on television in prime time until 1982 the standard of no more than 9.5 minutes of advertising per hour, is now between 14 and 17 minutes. With the introduction of more Short 15 second spot advertising rose even more dramatically overall. The ads not only are paused, but also eg on television during the game baseball itself. It is flooding the Internet, a growing market without giant.

Other growing markets are placements''''in Product entertainment programming and movies where it has become common practice and advertising of products on display virtuelle''''où be placed retroactive pay raise. Billboards The product is practically inserted into the large emissions Baseball League and in the same way, street banners and logos are projected on the ceiling virtual input or on sidewalks, for example, when the arrival of celebrities at the Grammy Awards 2001. Advertising precedes to movies in theaters, including sumptuous short film, produced by companies like Microsoft and DaimlerChrysler. " The largest advertising agencies have begun to actively co-produce programs in cooperation with leading companies in media "[24] the creation of infomercials as the entertainment.

Opponents equate the increasing amount of advertising a tidal wave and the restrictions of "containment" flood. Lasn, one of the most outspoken critics of advertising on the international scene, consider advertising "the most widespread mental and toxic pollutants. From the moment sounds the alarm in the morning in the early hours of television microjolts late night commercial flood pollution in their brain at a speed of about 3,000 marketing messages per day. Every day, twelve billion estimated display ads, 3 million radio commercials and more commercials are 200 000 discharged into the North American clocks "collective unconscious. [25] During his lifetime, the average American three years of advertising on television [26].

The most recent evolution of video games contain content products, chain Commerce special patients in hospitals and public figures sporting temporary tattoos. An advertising method that is unrecognizable self-disant''''de guerrilla marketing that spreads rumors about a new product in the target. Cash-strapped cities of the United States will provide police car advertising [27]. A trend, especially in Germany, companies are buying the names of the stadiums. The football stadium of Hamburg became the first Volkspark the AOL-Arena and the HSH Nordbank Arena. Stuttgart Neckarstadion became the Mercedes-Benz Arena, Dortmund Westphalia is now the Signal Iduna Park. Ex Skydome in Toronto was renamed the Rogers Centre. Other recent developments are for example, that all underground stations in Berlin theater products are organized exclusively leased to a company. Düsseldorf same "multisensory" adventure transit stops equipped speaker systems that spread the smell of detergent. Swatch projectors used to project messages onto the TV Tower and Column of Victoria, who was fined because it was done without a permit. The anarchy was part of the plan and said the promotion [21].

This is the standard for knowledge management corporate advertising is a mainstay, if not "the pillar" of economic freedom, growth-oriented capitalist. "Advertising is part of the spinal bone of corporate capitalism. "[28]" Contemporary capitalism could not function and global production networks could not exist as they do without advertising. [1]

For scientific communication and media Manfred Knoche economist at the University of Salzburg, Austria, advertising is not simply a "necessary evil" but a "elixir of life necessary for the media sector, the economy and capitalism as a whole. Advertising and the interests of the media creates economic ideology. Knoche describes the product and brand advertising as "weapons of competition for producers customers and commercial advertising, for example, the automotive industry as a means to collectively represent their interests against other groups, such as railways. In articles and editorials for the programs in the media, promotion and consumption in general, offer a free "cost" of services to producers and sponsorship a "means of payment used" in advertising [29]. Christopher Lasch argues that advertising leads to an overall increase of consumption in society, "Advertising does not serve the advertising of products to promote consumption as a way of life. "[30]

[Edit] the constitutional rights of publicity and

Advertising is considered constitutionally guaranteed freedom of opinion and expression. [31] Therefore criticize advertising or any attempt to restrict or prohibit advertising is almost always considered a violation of fundamental rights [edit] (First Amendment to the United States) met and answered and the concentrated force of the company and especially the advertising community. "Right now or in the near future, a number of cases are and will be working their way through the justice system that seeks to prohibit any governmental regulation of … commercial speech (eg advertising or labeling of food), because such regulation is inconsistent with the citizens and businesses' First Amendment rights to freedom of expression or free press. "[32] An example of this debate is advertising for snuff or alcohol, but also direct mail or brochures (locked mailboxes), advertising on the phone, Internet and advertising to children. Several legal restrictions on junk mail, advertising on mobile phones, designed for children, snuff, alcohol has been introduced by the United States the EU and several other countries. Not only the business community is reluctant to restrictions on advertising. Advertising as a means of free expression imposed on trading Company [West Needs]. McChesney argues that the government deserves constant vigilance with regard to these regulations, but certainly not "the only force undemocratic in our society. … The corporations and the wealthy enjoy a power every so great as that enjoyed by nobles and royalty of feudal times "and" markets are not without value or neutral, not only tend to work for the benefit of those who have more money, but also by its very nature, the emphasis on profits above all else …. So, today, the debate is whether advertising or labeling of food or speech campaign contributions … whether the right to be protected by the First Amendment can not be used efficiently for a fraction of all citizens and pursue these rights are given excessive power politics and undermine the ability balance of citizens to exercise those rights and / or constitutional rights, then it is not necessarily legally protected by the First Amendment. "Furthermore," those who have the ability to participate in the press are capable of determining who can speak with the vast majority of citizens who can not "[33]. critics in turn argue that invades the privacy of publicity is a constitutional right. On the one hand, advertising invades the physical intimacy, by contrast, uses more and more relevant information based on communication with the private data assembled without the knowledge or consent of consumers or targeted groups.

For Georg Franck Vienna University of Technology Advertising is part of what he calls "the mind of capitalism" [34] [35], the addition of a term (Mental) has been used by groups concerned about the mental environment, such as Adbusters. Franck mixed economy "of care" with the culture of Christopher Lasch narcissm capitalism in mental [36] In his essay "Advertising at the periphery of" Revelation, written Sut Jhally, "20. Advertising century is the most potent and sustained propaganda in human history and its cumulative cultural effects, with less quickly verified, will be responsible for the destruction of the world as know [37].

[Edit] The cost of care and the hidden costs

Advertising has become a company of one billion dollars in which many depend. U.S. dollars 2006 391 mil millones spent worldwide on advertising. In Germany, for example, the advertising industry represents 1.5% of gross national income, figures for other developed countries are similar. [citation needed] For example, advertising and direct growth is a causal relationship. As in the economy with growth can be blamed for the negative lifestyle of man (society of abundance) advertising should be considered in this in its negative effects, since their main objective is to increase consumption. "The industry is accused of being one of the engines powering a complicated system economic favors the production of mass consumption. [38]

The care and monitoring have become a new product for which a developed market. "The amount of attention that is absorbed by the media and circulated in the competition for fees and coverage is not identical to the amount of attention, that is available in society. The total circulation in the society is composed of attention exchanged between the people themselves and the attention given to the media. Only the latter is homogenized by the quantitative measurement and assumes the character of an anonymous money. "[34] [35] According to Franck, any area screen that can guarantee a certain level of attention that caught the attention of the works, for instance, the media is designed for information and entertainment, culture and the arts, public space, etc. This is how attractive the company is sold to advertising. The German says Advertising in 2007, € 30,780,000,000 has been spent on advertising in Germany [39], 26% in newspapers, on television 21%, 15% by mail and 15% in magazines. In 2002, there were 360,000 people employed in the field of advertising. The Internet advertising revenues doubled to about 1 billion euros in 2006 and 2007, the highest rate growth.

Spiegel Online reported that in the United States in 2008 for the first time money has been spent over Internet advertising ($ 105.3 million) and television (98.5 million). The largest amount spent in 2008 was still in print ($ 147,000,000,000). [40] For this year, Welt Online has reported that the U.S. pharmaceutical industry spent almost twice the amount of advertising ($ 57.7 million) than it did in the investigation (31.5 million). But Marc-Andre Gagnon und Joel Lexchin York University, Toronto, believe that actual expenditures for advertising are even greater, because all entries are recorded by research institutions [41]. Do not include indirect advertising campaigns, such as sales, discounts and price reductions. Few consumers are aware that they are paying for every penny spent on public relations, advertising, discounts, etc package because usually included in the calculation of the price.

[Edit] Influence and handling

McDonald's advertising in the Via di Propaganda, Rome, Italy

The most important element in advertising the suggestion is not using the information, but more or less than the associations, emotions (appeal to emotion) and readers of sleep in people sub-conscious, as the libido, the herd instinct, desires, like happiness, health, fitness, appearance, self-esteem, reputation, membership, status social identity, adventure, distraction, reward, fear (fear appeal), as a disease, the weakness, loneliness, poverty, insecurity, safety or injury, learned opinions and comfort. "All human needs, relationships, and fears – in the depths of the human psyche – is a simple way to expand the universe of commodities under the force of modern marketing. With the rise of modern marketing, commercialism – the translation of human relations in the relations commodity – even if a phenomenon intrinsic to capitalism, has increased exponentially. "[42]" cause marketing advertisers link their products to a social cause has grown well over the past ten years.

operate the function of advertising model celebrities or popular characters and uses deliberate humor, and associations of colors, songs, names of certain terms. In all, these are factors in how we perceive and self esteem. In his description "capitalism mental Franck says," the promise of consumption a person who is the ideal way to irresistible objects and symbols in the subjective experience of a person. Obviously, in a society in which income hits attention to the foreground, the consumer is attracted to his self. Consequently, the consumer becomes a "job" in attracting a person. From the subjective point of view, this "work" extends the scope of unexpected dimensions of advertising. Ad takes the role an adviser from the attraction life. (…) The cult around his own attraction is what Christopher Lasch describes as "the culture of narcissism." [35] [36]

For criticism of advertising is another serious problem is that "long-term separation between advertising / creative and editorial side of the media is collapsing rapidly "and advertising is increasingly difficult to distinguish new information or entertainment. The borders between advertising and programming vanish. According to all commercial media companies participation has no influence on the real content of the media, but as McChesney put it, "the application does not pass the laugh test even the primary, is also absurd." [43]

Advertising knows "in heavily on psychological theories on how to create themes authorizing advertising and marketing to take a "psychological nuance clarity ' (Miller and Rose, 1997 cited in Thrift, 1999, p. 67). More Increasingly, the emphasis in advertising has grown to provide information "factual" symbolic connotations of commodities, and cultural importance that the premise of advertising is to sell the material is never enough in itself. Even products offered to the most mundane of daily life must be imbued with symbolic qualities and cultural significance through the system of "magic (Williams, 1980) of advertising. In this case, changing the context in which ads appear, things "you can do in the sense of" anything "(McFall, 2002, p. 162) and the "same" things can be endowed with different meanings for different individuals and groups of people, offering visions of individualism and mass. [1]

Before the publicity given to the institutions of market investigation to discover and describe the target group exactly to plan and save for the campaign advertising and get the best possible results. A range of science dealing directly with advertising and marketing and is used to increase its effects. The focus groups, psychologists and cultural anthropologists are de'''''rigueur in marketing research [44]. large amounts of data people and their buying habits are collected, accumulated, aggregated and analyzed the use of credit cards, bonus cards, lotteries and online surveys. More specifically it provides a wide variety of behaviors, desires and weaknesses of certain sectors of a population in which advertising can be used more selective and effective. Efficiency is improved by advertising on search advertising. Universities, of course with the support of companies and in cooperation with other disciplines (Art above), especially psychiatry, anthropology, neurology and behavioral sciences are constantly seeking ways to ever more refined and complex, subtle and difficult to make advertising more effective. "Neuromarketing is a controversial area of commercialization of new technologies, medical, such as functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) – not to cure but to sell products. Advertising and marketing firms have long used the ideas and methods psychology research to sell products, of course. But today, these practices are reaching epidemic levels, and with the complicity by the profession of psychology that exceeds that of the past. The result is a large advertising and marketing that includes offensive, probably the largest project ever psychological undertaken. However, this great company has been largely ignored by the American Psychological Association. [45] Robert McChesney calls "the greatest effort concerted psychological manipulation in human history. "[46]

[Edit] The dependence of the media and corporate censorship

Almost all media are the media Advertising and many of them are only in the media and advertising, with the exception of radio public service are private properties. Your income is generated primarily through advertising, in the case of newspapers and magazines of 50-80%. utilities broadcasters in some countries may also depend heavily on advertising as a revenue source (40%) [47]. According to the media critics advertising media covering can not be more independent and the proportion of advertising, higher dependency. This dependence has "several implications the nature of media content …. In the business press, the media are often called in exactly the way they present in their free time: as a branch of the advertising industry. "[48]

In addition, private media are increasingly subject to mergers and concentration the status of the property often becomes tangled and opaque. These events, Henry A. Giroux calls for a "threat to the democratic culture" [49], by alone should be sufficient for all alarms sound in a democracy. Five or six advertising agencies dominate the industry USD 400 billion worldwide.

"Journalists have long faced pressure to shape stories for advertisers and the owners of clothing …. most executives have found its television news services "cooperative" in the development of new aid for development "non-traditional revenue." [50] sets out the reactions negative can be avoided or influenced when advertisers threatened to cancel orders or simply when there is a danger of such cancellation. dependence on the media and the threat is real when there is a single dominant or very few large advertisers. The influence of advertisers not only in terms of news or information about their own products or services, but extends to items or issues not directly related to them. To secure advertising revenue for media should create the best advertising environment. Another problem considered censorship by critics, is the refusal of the media not to accept advertisements that are not of interest. A striking example is the refusal of the television stations to broadcast announcements of Adbusters. Groups of trying to place ads and are denied the networks [51].

It deals primarily with the skills to decide on the schedule of radio and television. "Their activity is to absorb as much attention as possible. The measured rate set media attention for the work in the information provided. Service This attraction is sold to the advertising company [35] and the rate hearing to determine the price as may be necessary to advertise.

Advertising agencies "to determine the sample content is part of everyday life in the United States since 1933. Procter & Gamble (P & G) …. a radio station offered a historic business decision (now known as "barter"): the firm will produce a calculated show "Free" and save the radio station the high cost of content production. Therefore, the company will extend its advertising and, of course, their products placed on the show. Thus, the series "My Perkins has been created by P & G used wisely to promote Oxydol, the leading brand in the soap and detergents years born … [52]

While critics primarily concerned with the economy subtle influence the media also there are examples of exercises Blunt of influence. The American company Chrysler before its merger with Daimler-Benz had its agency, Pentacom, send a letter to the magazine calls send a summary of all issues before the next edition is published "Avoiding potential conflicts. Chrysler in particular wanted to know if there would be ads sexual, political or social "content, or who may be considered" provocative or offensive. Pentacom executive David Martin said: "Our reason being is that anyone looking for products to the $ 22,000 that is surrounded by positive things. There is nothing positive about an article on child pornography. "[52] In another example, the "USA Network in high-level, off the record" meetings with advertisers in 2000 to make them say what type of network programming content that wanted to ensure that U.S. to get publicity. [53] TV programs are created to meet the needs of advertising, for example dividing in appropriate sections. His drama is generally designed to end the suspension or leave a question unanswered to keep the viewer Annex.

The theater system at a time outside the direct influence of the entire marketing system is fully integrated in the strategies of licensing, tie-ins and placement product. The main function of many Hollywood movies today is to assist in the sale of the immense collection of commodities. [54] The press has called 2002 Bond film "Die Another Day", with 24 major partners promotional ad a company "and noted that James Bond has been" authorized to sell "As has become common practice to carry the products in the movies," self-implications for what kind of films to attract investment products and what kind of films are more likely to have "[55].

The publicity and information are becoming increasingly difficult to distinguish from each other. "The borders between advertising and the media increasingly blurred …. …. In August Fischer, President Company publisher Axel Springer as a "partnership between the media and advertising companies Critics' what referred to as something more than the infiltration of the rights and journalistic freedoms. According to RTL-executive Helmut Thoma "private broadcasters should not and can not serve a mission, but only the company's goal is "the acceptance by the advertising firm and the viewer. The definition of priorities in the order of reality said everything related to "design programs" on television. "[52] Patrick Le Lay, former CEO of TF1, French TV privately with a market share of 25-35%, said: "There are several ways to talk about television. But from a business perspective let's be realistic: basically, TF1 work, for example, to help Coca Cola to sell your product. (…) For an ad that receives the viewer's brain must be at our disposal. The work of our programs is to make available, that is, to distract, relax and prepare it between two messages. It is available human brain when we sell to Coca-Cola. "[56]

Because of these units and as wide a debate on advertising and its influence on information and freedom of expression is difficult to obtain, at least by the usual means of communication channels, otherwise they are cutting the branch on which they sit. "The idea that the commercial basis of the media, journalism and communication could have disturbing implications for democracy lies outside the range of legitimate debate "so that" capitalism is off-limits as a topic of legitimate debate in the U.S. culture political "[57].

A critique of the structural basis of American journalism Upton Sinclair was with her novel The Brass Check, which highlights the influence of owners, advertisers, public relations, and economic interests media. In his book "Our Master's Voice – Advertising" social ecologist James Rorty (1890-1973) wrote: "The mouth of the gargoyle is a speaker, powered the interests of the industry two billion dollars, and in the back that the interests of the company as a whole, industry, finance. It is never silent, that drowns all other voices, and do not fight, because this is not the voice of America? It was his request and, to some extent is a legitimate …"[ 58]

He taught us to live, what to fear, which to be proud of, how to be beautiful, how loved, how to be envied, how to succeed .. Is it any wonder that the American people increasingly tend to talk, think, feel in terms of the Jabberwocky? The stimuli in the art, science, religion slowly driven to the periphery of American life to become marginal values, cultivated by marginal weather marginal people? "[59]

[Edit] The commercialization of culture and sport

Performances, exhibitions, shows, concerts, conventions and other events can hardly take place without sponsorship. Art and culture growing shortage buying the service of the attraction. The artists are presented and paid depending on the value of his art for commercial purposes. Business promotion of major artists, therefore, obtain exclusive rights for advertising campaigns worldwide. Broadway shows like "La Boheme" with accessories business as a whole [60].

Advertising is widely regarded as a contribution to culture. Advertising is an integrated way. In many parts clothing design company logo is the only or is an important part of it. There is little space left out of the consumer economy, where culture and art can develop independently and that other values may be expressed. A final major area universities, is under strong pressure to open a business and interests [61].

inflatable stage before a panel

Competitive sports have become unthinkable without the sponsorship and there is a mutual dependence. High income with advertising is only possible with a comparable number of spectators and viewers. Other hand, the low performance of a team or athlete results in advertising revenues less. Huther Jürgen Stiehl and Hans-Jörg on "sports / media complex is a complex mixture of media, agencies, managers, promoters, etc. sports advertising, with some common and partly conflicting interest, but in any case with commercial interests. The media is likely to center stage because it can provide to the parties involved in a scarce resource, namely, (potential) public attention. In sports, "the media are able to generate major sales in both circulation and advertising. "[62]

"Sports sponsorship is recognized for its publicity value of the tobacco industry. Journal of the snuff industry in 1994 described the Formula One car as "The world's most powerful advertising." …. In a cohort study in 22 England secondary schools in 1994 and 1995 children whose favorite sport television was the race car had a 12.8% risk of becoming regular smokers, compared 7.0% of boys were not racing. "[63]

No to the sale of tickets, but the broadcast rights, sponsorship and merchandising in time, constitute the bulk of the sports association and sports club revenues with the IOC (International Olympic Committee) to take the initiative. The influence of the media brought many changes in the sport, including the admission of new sports trend "in the Olympics, competition change distance changes in the rules, fans of animation, sports facilities changes, the worship of sports heroes are quickly launched in advertising and entertainment industry for its media value [64] and last but not least, the designation and renaming stadiums after of big business. "In sports fit into the logic of the media can contribute to the erosion of values such as equal opportunities or equity, the demand of athletes by public pressure and operation of several or cheating (doping, manipulation of results …). It is in the interest of the media and sport to combat this danger, because the sports media can not function as long as there is a sport [64].

[Edit] Occupation and the commercialization of public space

Each site has the potential advertising visually perceptible. Above all urban areas their structures, but also landscapes rates are increasingly the media for publicity. Signs, posters, signs, banners have become key factors in the emergence in urban areas and their number is increasing. "Outdoor advertising has become inevitable. Traditional billboards and bus stops bus have opened the door to more invasive methods, such as wrapped vehicles on the sides of buildings, electronic signs, kiosks, taxis, posters, bus sides, and more. Digital Technology Buildings are used for sport 'urban sample of the wall. In urban areas commercial content is placed before our eyes and in our consciousness every now in the public space. The German newspaper "Zeit" called a new type of dictatorship that we can not escape "[21]. In Over time, this domination of the environment has become" natural. "Thanks to the long-term commercial saturation, it has become implicitly understood by the public that advertising has the right to own, occupy and control every inch of available space. The normalization constant invasive advertising dulls the public's perception of their environment, strengthening a general attitude of powerlessness and creative change, thus a cycle develops slowly and allows advertisers to constantly increase the saturation of advertising with little public outrage or not. "[65]

Orientation to the massive change in the focus of the advertising function of public spaces that are used by the marks. city guides become brands. The increased pressure exerted on the reputation and high traffic public spaces that are so important to a city's identity (eg Circus Piccadilly, Times Square, Alexanderplatz). Urban areas are publicly owned and as such, are subject to the "aesthetic environmental protection, mainly through building regulations protection of heritage and landscape protection. "It is as such, these spaces are being privatized. They are dotted with signs and signals, are transformed advertising media. "[34] [35]

[Aspects Edit] socio-cultural sexism, discrimination and stereotypes

"Advertising has an agenda "adjustment function" which is the capacity, with large sums of money to be used as the only item on the agenda. In the battle for some public awareness of this amount to no treatment (ignorance) of what is commercial and what is not advertised. Advertising must be a reflection of societal norms and to give a clear idea of the target market. Areas without trading and advertising the service of the Muses and relaxation being disrespectful. [Neutrality disputed] With increasing the power of advertising is at home in the private sector to trade voice becomes a dominant mode of expression in society. "[66] See criticism of advertising and publicity of the leading light in our culture. Sut Jhally and James Twitchell go beyond the light of publicity as a kind of religion and advertising replacing religion, and a key institution [67].

"The advertising of the company (or corporate media) is the largest project ever undertaken by the psychological human race. But for all this, its impact on us remains unknown and largely unknown. When I think of the influence of the media in years, over the decades, I think those brainwashing experiments carried out by Dr. Ewen Cameron in a psychiatric hospital Montreal in the 1950s (see MKULTRA). Idea The deprogramming sponsored by the CIA "experiments was to equip conscious, unconscious or half-subjects with a helmet, and flooding their brains with thousands of repeating "unit" messages that could change their behavior over time …. Advertising aims to do the same thing. [25]

Advertising is particularly aimed at young people and children and reduce more and more young people to consumers. [49] Sut Jhally Because is not "surprising that something so central and so spent on it should become an important presence in social life. In fact, business interests intent maximize the use of the immense collection of commodities have colonized more space in our culture. For example, almost all media systems (Television and press) was developed as a delivery system traders its main function is to produce to sell audiences to advertisers. The two ads it carries, and editorial content that acts as a support for her to celebrate the consumer society. Theater system at a time outside the direct influence of all Marketing System is already fully integrated into strategies for licensing tie-ins and product placement. The primary function of many Hollywood movies today is help the sale of the immense collection of commodities. Given that public funds should go to non-profit sectors cultural, art galleries, museums and symphonies corporate sponsorship offer. "[54] In the same way the system is composed of education and advertising is increasingly pervasive schools and universities. Cities like New York, the acceptance of the sponsors for public game land. "Even the Pope has been sold … The Pope's visit to four days in Mexico, … of 1999 was sponsored by Frito-Lay and Pepsi. [68] The industry is accused of being one of the driving power of a complex economic system that favors the production mass consumption. As regards the social impact, whether the advertising of fuel consumption, but whose values, attitudes and transfers to that spread. Advertising is accused of misuse of language and forms of pop culture, and even criticism subversive protests and is not afraid to offend and break taboos (eg Benetton). This in turn stimulates the action against him la''Jammers Lasn 2001 appelé''le Scramble Jam. Everything is permitted. "This is a central theme in social science that people can make conditions achieved by proper design and a great practical importance. For example, a large number experimental psychological experiments, we can assume that people can take to make every effort, when according to social status can be created. "[69]

Advertising specific uses often stereotyped roles for men and women reinforces existing stereotypes and has been criticized as "inadvertently or intentionally, even promote sexism, racism, age discrimination and … At least, advertising often reinforces stereotypes, on the basis of recognizing the "types" tell stories in a single image or 30 images a second time. [38] Typical activities are presented as the stereotypical male or female (). In addition, people are reduced to their sexuality or product-related and gender-specific qualities are exaggerated. Men sexualized female bodies, but also increasingly serve as a target. In advertising, it is usually a woman to be represented as

• officers, men and children who respond to requests and complaints from relatives with a bad conscience and the promise of an immediate improvement (washing, food)
• emotional or sexual toy for men's self-assertion
• A totally helpless (almost always men) who can not handle a child-resistant operation
• expert women, but the stereotypes fields of fashion, cosmetics, food or medicine, most
• as ultra-fine, fine, and very thin.
• way of doing for others, for example, serve coffee during a reporter interview a politician [70]

Much of advertising opportunities to promote products belong to the "ideal body image." This is mainly for women, and in the past, this type of advertising was designed almost exclusively for women. Women in advertising tend to be portrayed like the beautiful women who are healthy. This, however, is not for the average woman. Therefore, give a negative message body image of the average woman. Because the media, girls and women who are overweight, and otherwise "normal" feels almost compelled to take care of them and keep fit. They feel under pressure to maintain an acceptable body weight and take care of your health. The consequences of this are low self-esteem, impaired food, self-mutilation, and the operations of beauty for women who just can not eat or get any motivation for the gym. Parliament Adopted a resolution in 2008 that advertising can not be discriminatory and degrading. It shows that politicians are increasingly concerned about the negative impacts advertising. However, the benefits of promoting overall health and recovery is often overlooked. Men are also portrayed negatively as incompetent and the butt of every joke in advertising.

[Edit] Children and adolescents as target groups

the children's market, where resistance to advertising is the lowest, is the pioneer "for ad creep" [71]. "Children are among the most sophisticated observers ad. They can sing the jingles and identifying logos, and often have ideas about products. What we generally do not understand, however, are the underlying themes running advertising. The media are used not only to sell products but also ideas of how to behave, what rules are important, we respect and what we value. [72] Young people are increasingly reduced to the role of a consumer. N only manufacturers of toys, candy, ice cream, food and sports breakfast prefer to run their promotion to children and adolescents. For example, an advertisement for a breakfast cereal in a canal aimed at adults that music is a ballad sweet, while a channel aimed at children, the ad jingle catchy even use a stone in the same way

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