The 7 Best Technologies Of The Colour Television

Robots: America's response to low math scores

I. Introduction

"You can not get you can not imagine. "

-Author Unknown

The United States may lose its supremacy as a superpower if our children today can not capture the technologies of tomorrow. The trend has already been fixed. positions of senior engineers are currently outsourced to other nations, not only because of lower costs, but without filling in the U.S.. Allows front, not too many Americans are looking to have a doctrine in electrical engineering research and development. Other countries like Korea, many students see mathematics as the language of "universal" and include a doctoral level technical degree as a necessary tool to excel in their country. For many, this is the only way out of poverty. American children, stereotyped, do not have this fear to motivate. Many children in this "superior" country just to see mathematics as something needed to pass a competition test. Its value is ignored. Implementations are invisible. The desire of children to this type of career is in decline. Clearly the future implications are disturbing and may one day be detrimental to the founding of our country. Without But I think that feeding the enthusiasm the children have to use math may be the answer. Not surprisingly, as shown in robots for children, Robots correct classification up there with dinosaurs when it comes to attracting the attention of elementary school students … "[1 p. 232]. I predict interest, active participation and appropriate guidance in robotics will increase math scores nationally registered.

II. Staggering mathematics

The facts do not lie. The United States Department of Education in 1999 [2] U.S. ranked 12th among seniors, the 28th drug among students in 8th and 19 only in the elderly math scores nationally registered. How is the country affected by poverty and problematic like Israel three classifications is 8th grade? Obviously, money is not the answer. I do not think the Israelis are less concerned about the violence that our children at the center of the city do to distract them. Although I am a little confused about the answer, I believe the solution lies in the child's own aspirations and inner desires. Many of our youth dream of being a professional athlete or pop singers. This will see. That's what they know. That's what they love. These young impressionable children to watch these channels not only fun, but also as a means to financial freedom. With mathematics is the language of "universal", children from other countries can see this as the only way to cross levels of poverty and prosper in life. Let's face it, math can be a difficult issue to understand. Unless one has the name "Albert" or find reasons of motivation to show extra effort, the score will suffer. The Third International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) found that "students who agreed that they like mathematics and mathematics that was useful for solving problems, higher scores than Students who did not agree [3]. As expected, many educators have already took it as a fact. The question that now arises is how to motivate children? Or Moreover, how can we continue a reimbursement program while pulling down technology advantage to encourage today? As Druin and Hendler said: "I think the desire to learn has to do with an idea or an exciting animation project. New technologies enable students of all ages to pursue richer more complex learning experiences. With robots, students can actually become scientists, engineers, developers and builders "[1 pp. 161-62].

Grade four Grade 8 Grade 12

Rank Nation Score Nation Score

Singapore 560 1625643 Netherlands

2 611 607 552 Korea Korea Sweden

Japan 3,597,605,547 Japan Denmark

Hong Kong 4587 588 540 Hong Kong Switzerland

5 Netherlands Belgium 577 565 534 Iceland

6 Czech Republic Czech Republic 567 564 528 Norway

7 Austria Slovak Republic 559 547 523 France

8 522 552 545 Slovenia Switzerland New Zealand

9 Ireland 550 Netherlands 541 522 in Australia

Slovenia Hungary 10,548,541,519 Canada

Australia 11,540,518,546 Bulgaria Slovenia

12 United States 539 Germany 545 495 Austria

13 Canada 532 France 538 483 Hungary

14 Israel 531 537 Italy 476 Hungary

Latvia 15 525 Russian Federation. 535 Russian Fed. 471

Scotland 520 Australia 530 469 16 Lithuania

England 17 Ireland 513 527 466 Czech Republic

18 Cyprus 461 502 527 Canada USA

Norway 19,502,526,446 Belgium Cyprus

Sweden 20 499 519 356 New Zealand South Africa

21 Greece Thailand 492 522

22 Israel 490 522 Thailand

Portugal 23 Germany 475 509

Iceland New Zealand 24,474,508

25 429 Iran … (28) U.S. 500

Figure 1: Third International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) mathematics scores of 1999 [2].

Figure 2: The results of the mathematical average of the students who say, "I Mathematics" [3].

Figure 3: The results of mathematics half of the students say: "Mathematics is useful for solving everyday problems" [3].

III. Robots in the news

Television can be a helping hand to spark interest in higher education in children robots. Perhaps eyes have had the opportunity to see a commercial for Honda robot 4 feet down the hall to pick up a Sunday paper. This completely autonomous robot, which looks like a space suit, is currently on tour throughout the world. This step "forward in innovative mobility, or better known as ASIMO, is the result of a robotics program that began in 1986. Being the most robot humanoid progress in existence, this intriguing creation walks on two legs, has 26 degrees of freedom, can climb stairs, and is currently touring North America for education. schools Recently, this technological marvel has visited in the Bronx, in an attempt to "stimulate interest in the study of robotics and science" [4]. Even a section on the website is dedicated educational resources for children. With ASIMO, Honda is truly giving our youth "The power of dreams" [4].

Sony is also doing its part to "Change the way you see the world." AIBO has become a pet of the future for many while the SDR-4X II is all rave. AIBO is an autonomous dog can learn, do tricks, and express their feelings. This piece of entertainment around $ 2000 is fully programmable to improve of and educational purposes. Be prepared for the animal Express 6 different kinds of feelings, act according to their environment and care is to receive, pick up toys, and without human help, he wakes and sleeps in a charging station. Not only adult dog overtime, but it will not soil the carpet like a puppy! The SDR-4X II, however, has literally become the rave of the young. This can be taken humanoid "Rave" (techno dance technique), throwing balls, doing tai chi, and even run. Better yet, video clips available on the Internet TV program on five of them in unison. And it gets better! This robot also has facial recognition, a vocabulary of 20,000 word recognition and speech synthesis, recognition of colors, and still finds time to draw an area to get optimal placement for display. Now if this thing does not need to be recharged. Oh, did I mention the work is already done in the [April 5]?

Robots call a wonderful job of creating attention for themselves and for portraying the young "cool" to have jobs when they grew up. However, I think the issue TV Robot Wars is a driving force to inspire them to start building. I can testify as living proof of this statement. Turn on TechTV and you will delighted to see robots fight to the death in an arena that has gusts of fire, pits to oblivion, and flippers that launch in the air robots unhappy with their lot. Combine that with hundreds, if not more than a thousand screaming kids in the stands and show becomes a quick favorite. The program website provides a single day to quench the thirst of the construction. Direct links are provided on how to start housing construction robots. GI Joes begin look like toys for babies over £ 500 a robot that makes the lights come on the blades, pliers, crushing, and moves only to survive and the destruction of the creation of another person. In this 20 – by 54-foot space is the ultimate in robot combat and competition. Children love it [7, 8]!

IV. Creative Avenues

A common returning to many when he is forced to build a bot is David Cook's book, Robot Building for beginners. Following these instructions, not just a next line robot to build, but math is unavoidably used and pursued. To understand speed, one must first understand revolutions per minute compromise between speed and torque motor, battery level, friction, robot mass and how to handle these values with different voltages, transmission speeds and sizes of tires. Trial and error is always possible and, indeed, very popular among beginners. Remember, robotics is something to make a mistake "OK" and a number significant learning outcomes of these errors. But this is about teachers and provides a "bag of tricks" to the attention of hungry children. I think Miller and Stein say it is better when the reactions of the information that a class of second year:

"… Several students with respect and admiration for one or two students who know their multiplication tables and can not predict how many times one must resort to robot motor turn the wheel once … Suddenly, stripes, circles, circles, and thus have utility as one of our students while suddenly exclaimed aloud: "So that's what pi is for!" [1 pp. 231-32].

Wow, all this for only determine speed. Remember that the person reading the book will learn about the science of materials (resistance of the textile industries), electronics Basic (* = Voltage current resistance), mechanics (loads and stress), diodes, resistors, capacitors, diodes, and all the tools and procedures for use it effectively. At first glance this may seem a lot to learn for a child. Remember this: not the experience of the teacher being forced on children is its own! What the child is enthusiastic about a question by saying: "If Jack is half Jill years, Jill is one third as old as Jan? So how is old January 1960 Jack in years? "Building robots is a teacher's dream – a problem solving with the added benefit of enthusiasm [9].

With DC robots, the sky is the limit in the project Technical become. However, sometimes faster and less complex solutions may be more appropriate. BEAM uses solar energy to power very simplistic, but captivating, robots. This acronym for Biology Electronic mechanical design is a field of robotics with no computational power, inspirations from Mother Nature, focuses on designs that appeal to the eye, while leaving all the work with the small amount of energy determined and a solar panel. Circuits are not generally used, no programming is involved and some are low cost parts. My first BEAM robot involved a clip, engine pager, a solar panel, a capacitor, and a little welding. Within 20 minutes, 5 parts came to life! The beauty of these robots is the simplicity of construction, parts are cheap to buy or easily found in junk technology around the house, and only a welder is necessary to build them. While these robots often take the form of an error or some other small creature, have a great unit for children. The projects are very fast. This fact alone is consistent with a short attention span who want immediate feedback on their progress. In addition, many of the basic principles of science and biology are integrated into the design and may be discussed with regard to energy Dom Visitors to the zoo will become more educational as children try to imitate the animals and the times of appearance. "Construction material and project ideas that appeal to a wide range of interests allow multiple entry points in science, mathematics, engineering, design, art and music for all types of students. These materials not only new knowledge areas accessible, but also provide new ways for children to relate to the areas of knowledge to which they have been exposed "[1 p. 22]. In addition, any challenge of this technology is solar minimize the current used and find ways of storing (capacitors), low energy available. Therefore, young people learn the importance robotists reading and understanding of the data sheets in order to choose the appropriate parts for trial. Naturally, some of the most basic solution techniques are used at its best [10].

When the student is young or the soldering skills are not fully matured, Lego Mindstorms is always a choice exceptional. In fact, anyone of any age will find this online technical and robotic Legos a wise investment. Not only are reusable and non-exclusive a particular project, but can also be programmed on a computer several languages from Visual Basic to Lego's own language, object-oriented programming. No cables are needed either. All this can be done via an infrared transmitter! It is difficult to understand how Legos have walked hand in hand with technology. For example, let's look closer the kit "Robotics Invention System 2.0. This system includes a battery of micro-computer operated RCX used to store programs and connect all peripherals 718 parts including 2 motors, 2 touch sensors, and a light sensor, a USB infrared tower, and a simple programming language based powerful in images on CD. Well of course, all of Lego kits before they can be used in conjunction with this educational tool. In addition, the Mindstorms website, there is a online program free choice in the creation of life projects while Lego. The 3D virtual environment is ideal for displaying the creations on the web or experimentation with Legos that have yet to be purchased [11, 12, 13].

After the software included, children can have their first robot built less than an hour after purchase. There are plenty of practical lessons, training sessions and missions in the CD. Each of these training sessions teaches a specific capability of the system robotic, describing several ways to test, troubleshoot and resolve construction. Finally, lessons are degenerate in capacities such as the use of sensors to interact with the environment, programming with icons that represent blocks of code and create responses to the environment for the robot to do all their creative desires. When the CD, almost all the fundamental techniques necessary to complete the projects have been completed [11, 14].

Already more than a dozen books written Lego Mindstorms in detail on how to create any color sorter scanner, a musical instrument, and creative image, a robot spy, nail polish, and M & M. Even I have books that describe the creations of an ATM machine distributor, elephants that spray water, and even a robot that does the job cleaning plant Lego [15]. By completing these projects, according to Cole and O'Conner (Education) The benefits include helping children improve your ability to concentrate, work with the instructions, solve problems and develop patience "[16]. This line of Legos created by MIT professors is used today by thousands of educators around the world. Like most kids only see the robot as a toy, "which tend to stay focused and committed throughout the course. Thus, in groups more productive, more creative solutions and depth to the scenarios given, and developing interpersonal skills and team skills. This is performed without the use of a pencil [17, 18]!

V. Case

If something can not be measured, then I think can not be proven or improved. My hypothesis that with interest, active participation, and appropriate advice in the areas of robotics, the TIMMS scores on average will increase at least 10 points year. Since tests are taken in the quarter, year 8th grade and 12th respectively, the company should go to a school system and related results by year. Remember, the content of an experience, not as tools, is what is vital to learning. Therefore, the roles, guidance and training of teachers and designated robot / w / Lego Mindstorms "experts" can not be stressed enough. It is naive to consider placing a computer in front of a person and hoping that one be able to build a network, create a Web page, or speak a common programming language. The same applies to robotics. In launching this update curriculum at the beginning of one years entering school, it is essential to educate the teachers during the previous summer. Clearly, this time spent include equipment, discuss and customize previously created and provided lesson plans and provide an entire summer of uninhibited experimentation. However, it is also a time to overcome fears or dislikes of technology and change. "For example, some people uncomfortable with the new methods can reproduce the old methods using technology. It is a sure way to sneak the change … Some teachers, who have little experience with new technologies in their class, have been known to force new technologies suitable for the programs implemented as well [1 P. 159]. For this case study to be effective, educators must embrace breaking the mold of "old school" comfortable habits and respect potential of what technology can foster. It is, of course, the pursuit of "richer, more learning experiences complexes [1 p. 161].

The procedure itself is defined in a similar pattern between areas of different quality. Months before the start of the school year, a letter detailing the changes to the program should be sent to all parents. This letter must clearly state the intentions and communicate resources that a parent can turn to for the prior exposure to them and their children with future technologies. parental support and participation are essential to overcome the expectations of this new process.

A. Elementary School

From the elementary level, classes 1-5 year must begin with a speaker. Here, Lego Mindstorms will be introduced and accompanied by a display case full of inventions. Demonstrations will be presented at all. This will generate interest and curiosity among listeners. Further, apart from these creations in a vision strategic trophy case as the desire to perpetuate the excitement and the desire to encourage participation. Lego Mindstorms will be added to the program. This time can be invested replaced by a portion of Sciences of the week and designated math time slots. When executed properly, the training plans of the different heads of mathematics you can share advice for students. In addition, replacing the annual science fair, a "Lego Fair" could be established. These funds will be used for the participation of parents more information about Mindstorms. How many projects are really 100% by the student anyway? In addition, a sense of pride and success will be achieved in the ownership of a creation on display for all to see. In addition, students have the location of the project to show to answer questions and provide detailed descriptions and demonstrations to reinforce understanding of theories and principles used in the process of creation.

As in high school, and I think that seniority should be benefits. Assuming the continuation of the advancement program, fourth and fifth graders would eventually have 3 and 4 years of experience under the belt of Mindstorms. So This allows the most advanced projects and problem-solving skills. To add more fuel fire, a monthly contest could be established and for the people "upper class". This could involve creating a solution to build a robot that follows line and includes Legos, a race around a track in a line, or even a robot that can navigate a simple maze. Whatever the challenge, a secret program to carry out. Carefully choose a project that is best solved with the principles of science matching the forecast of math lesson plans of this month. I think it would be an honor to be old enough to participate in these activities. Student participation will inevitably increase accordingly. So What better than having a son for advice math teacher, how to use fractions for simplification of the programming schedule in an attempt to obtain a competitive advantage over a classmate? Stated in business terms, competition fosters innovation. Then, the last of all, managing TIMMS tests and compare the scores of one year before the non-integrated Lego.

B Middle and Junior High School

Similarly, the sixth through eighth classes is the experience of robotics with a higher level of expertise needed to achieve the projects. The main differences are the integration of electrical components basic electrical principles, soldering techniques, and solar technology for the foundation of BEAM technology. A guest also occurred early the school year to the view of the technical and exhibitions in the number of robots beam windows. However, this forum will also be an electrical engineer. The Link expert BEAM relevant skills to learn as used in the real world. In addition, the trader should specify the path best taken in math education and science to prepare for a large university in this area. As for primary school children, the creations are exposed and questions will be received in presentation and a head to head.

Because students are more likely to be changing courses from various disciplines, science laboratories should be equipped with the tools necessary for solar robots. This robotics class will be divided in a certain part of the week instead of Sciences. In addition, an annual BEAM robot fair should also be created. Robots that interact, seek the light, and the combination of independent ideas (as having the same time following the instructions in a book) should be proposed. A new twist, added if this fair. Students must submit a report detailing schemes, electrical calculations, and description of the robot. This also should include how light energy is transformed into the engine. This ensures that the student is actually understanding the creation and learning principles and not only excel in the field below directions. If the beam Robot Fair is an annual event for all grades, projects eighth month privileged students could be a race of robots. I would like to better name these functions "The Solar roller race." Here, students create solar car drag power to compete with their classmates. These simple creations be enrolled in a bracketing system whose monthly winners will have their name engraved on a plaque each year. Winners could be encouraged to remove the car and working on a new next month. This will encourage continued devotion to these races. And as a last step in this process would be, TIMMS test should be administered students and compared with previous years robot.

C. High School

projects would be expected, most involved, demanding deep Robotics will be asked of high school. The sky is the limit of the complexity of any project here. Moreover, with the hope of maintaining the Robotics program alive for many years, which started with the Lego Mindstorms will be able to use their skills from the first year projects. robot bases can be easily Legos and light can also be used as an energy source. Students finish by learning that there are advantages and disadvantages of each choice they make.

The school year for grades 9-12 will continue in line with K-8 to start with the visit of a speaker. This forum is currently an electrical engineer in the field of robotics. Again, a general vision come, the creations will be demonstrated, a Q / A session will take place, the races will be detailed and specific class routes proposed. Although descriptions are believed to be the President just reiterations of other grade levels, the importance can not be emphasized enough. Many teenagers start the careers based on what they like. Fortunately, the lovers of the importance of robotics accelerated classes for technical subjects in college. This fact can not be forget. The classes specific to robotics will be offered at each level with more depth and coverage of the upper classes.

So instead of a robot per year just, I want the first event of the annual participation. "For Inspiration in Science and Technology is a competition six weeks after 2.70 a mechanical model of MIT class [1 P. 248-49]. As described in the first place:

"The FIRST Robotics Competition is a national contest engineering that immerses middle school students in the exciting world of engineering. Teaming up with engineers from businesses and universities, students get a hand-look Within the engineering profession. In six intense weeks, students and engineers work together to reflect, design, build and test their robot "champion." With only six weeks, all jobs are critical path. The teams then participate in an organized tournament, where all shots are allowed, with referees, cheerleaders and watches.

The partnerships established between schools, businesses and universities provide an exchange of resources and talent, highlighting mutual needs, building cooperation, and exposing students to new career options. The result is a fun, exciting and challenging in which all participants discover the important linkages between classes and real world applications.

Each year the competition is different, so returning teams always a new challenge for the future. But the details are kept secret until the opening of the launch workshop. This provides a high level of enthusiasm that everyone The new challenge is for the first time and immediately form the ideas in the minds of people "[19, 1 pp. 248-49].

Top people in the class also have their privileges at school. The monthly event open to students 10 and 11 could be robot sumo. Here, students create fully autonomous robots and mimic rules of one of Japan's most popular sport of sumo. Instead, the idea is that the size and weight class restricted robots compete against each other for a ring circular. Robot sumo has already made its way into many robot clubs, colleges and universities. The popularity of this event can be attributed to low costs and simplicity of rules. Only in 2001, more than 4,000 robots participated in a four-month season in Japan, and these figures are increasing at an exponential rate. Innovation is what keeps this "Game" growing number and proof of incalculable value to student participation and progress of education [20].

Naturally, to prove my hypothesis, school students will also be given an internationally recognized examination Timms. These results should be compared to non-robotic years.

VI. Conclusions

Although the robotic case study has not been applied to test my hypothesis, I will make predictions about results. In security, I also believe that the conclusions to correct a high level of accuracy. Many ingredients exist for this success and I will try to reach what I consider obvious outcomes. However, as a science person, I recognize that these ideas are not facts and even incomplete without the study currently in progress.

Public displays of projects and competitions have fostered extraordinary results. Is cooperation with the participation of all students. Over time, I think will represent the robot as "cool" to do in school. So, some of the obstacles to education hurdle in the process. Especially during Competitions Students work with adults and not for them. Success is not the sex, race, creed, sex or social status that matters in reference collaborative robotics but what we know and can contribute to the cause is a life lesson. Differences in human resources in a gray tone when their possibly unknown qualities shine. Robotics offer an opportunity for people who are generally not associated with any of the search each other for their robotic potential [1 pp. 287-88].

Specifically women the differences, it is important to note the participation of women in robotics. Robocamp States a conclusion, "It seems that girls in particular may need encouragement and a formal structure for the test and be creative … It would exercise more advanced than when asked "[1 p. 321]. Another fact discovered Robots book Children find the details in an elementary school in Reston, Virginia. Given the importance of ideas to be best left to that author,

"We (the KISS Institute for Practical Robotics) distributed flyers to the ages of five and six (10-11), and appeared the next 30 days records: 29 boys and 1 girl.

This overwhelming imbalance highlighted an obvious need to reach children, and immediate action has inspired us. We have received permission to present short robot demos for second graders. During these demonstrations, students were asked to press the buttons, levers, paper, or interact with a couple of real robots. Then distributed flyers to students in second year for the class after school robotics. On this occasion, sufficient response to form two classes, and about 40 percent of those enrolled are girls.

Four years later, when this group became the sixth year, offered to us again the fifth grade sixth grade. This time, half the students who enrolled were women. None of this looks like a real scientific study (why we are developing), but there was a pretty strong that when students experience fun with robots at an early age, were considerably more likely to pursue this matter further at a later stage of their lives. Presumably, the same effect would occur later in life, in which students are more likely choosing college courses and / or career prospects further down the line after being exposed to experiences of fun with robotics in middle and high school "[1 pp. 232-33].

With the results suggested that most students choose a technical career in the future, I think that clubs local robotics also began to form in the community. This will lead to the deep involvement of the community of elderly volunteers with more experience robotics to help local schools. Thus, this cycle to have a better education and better course projects. So I think that will help to perpetuate the experience school more enjoyable for children. This can only be proved by a jump in attendance. Another way to validate the statement is the Christmas watch list Children's Birthday /. I think they understand more robotic related materials than before.

Encapsulate all these reasons why the results in math will improve. More specifically, I think the best scores at least 10 points on the TIMMS scores as compared to non-robotic years. I say this because

"In regular classes many teachers try to use grades to motivate students, and sometimes lack the brand. It is preferable that students are pushed to excel, so teachers do a review of student achievement test and attach a note to motivate students to do better. But one problem real education … is that grading standards vary widely and constantly sliding down. At the same time, students seem to be crazy to lose time that there were more than the minimum required to obtain an "A" in a class [1 p.. 289].

In addition, I anticipate a higher workforce in mathematics and science classes. It is, of course, a result of more students with their eyes open technical careers and taking proactive measures to achieve these educational dreams. If more students enroll in advanced math courses, then more students do better on nationwide math based on examinations. Moreover, remember that students have been unknowingly working on problem solving and mathematical formulas based on inspiration robotics length of the year. The best part is that these processes were probably used in most of the students free time as projects are created and completed. If portions of students are inspired to focus on robotics every spare hour they are free, use the higher mathematics is inevitable. Thus, this practice is far superior to these skills. A 12-years of continuous robotics intervention first years of its 12 years of testing would be interesting. The consequences of the perpetuation of the involvement in robotics would be exciting.

Persons under 18 years, or dare I categorize them as children, have with all the tenacity, creativity, and ability to learn, as well as adults. Channeling these incredible energies into something positive and productive as robotics Training will have effects beyond our comprehension. As noted by a participating school in First Class, Daniel Lehrbaum share their thoughts on people.

"… I believe that if students are placed in a position where their opinions are valued and their designs are valued and heard them suddenly they can rise to this level. I think the only problem is that people fill the shoes you put in. If the engineers and consultants (to help the first team) put in the very big shoes, that fill. They do what they must do to do the job. Especially if they are, you know, dedicated to the cause. People can do incredible things "[1 p. 271].

References

1. Druin, Allison, and Hendler, James, ed., Robots for kids: exploring new technologies Learning, San Diego, Academic Press, 2000, pp.159-62, 232-233, 248-249, 271, 297-288.

2. U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Statistics Education: summary and conclusions from one level to level, in March 1999, accessed December 2004.

3. National Center for Education Statistics, Mathematics: Report of Compliance Office (home), June 17, 2003,, accessed December 2004.

4. Honda ASIMO: North America A visit to the school, 2004, accessed 12, 2004.

5. Sony, Motion Control and enhanced communications capabilities in Small Biped Entertainment Robot (SDR-RX II) to be exposed to RBOBDEX2003, March 24, 2003,, accessed December 2004.

6. Sony Electrons e-Solutions Company, ERS-7 AIBO Entertainment Robot, 2002, accessed May 12 2004.

7. TechTV, Robot Wars (Start> TV Shows> Robot Wars), 2004, accessed December 2004.

8. Karagiannis, Konstantinos, "Robotic Online", Popular Electronics, April 1999, pp. 9-12.

9. Cook, David, robot building for beginners Berkeley, Apress, 2002.

10. Hrynkiw, Dave, and Tilden, Mark W, Junkbots, Bugbots & Bots on Wheels: Building Simple Robots with BEAM Technology, Berkeley, McGraw, 2002.

11. Lego, Lego Mindstorms, 2004, accessed December 2004.

12. Sato, Jim, trans. Jim Sato's Lego Mindstorms: The technical domain, Berkeley, non-starchy Press, 2002.

13. McComb, Gordon, "Robot Cyberk'nex party, fun party," Poptronics, March 2001 pp. 55-56.

14. Williams, Marifrances, "Let Legos children become new designers Droid, electronics, March 8, 1999, p. 68.

15. Erwin, Benjamin and Paperet, Seymour, Creative Projects with Lego Mindstorms, Second ed., Boston, Addison, 2003.

16. Cole, Lisa, and O'Connor, Jane, "The construction hardware robots with children," Instruction Technology, February 2003, pp. 19-22.

17. Mauch, Elizabeth, "Using technological innovation to improve problem-solving skills students, "Clearing House, March / April 2001, pp. 211-13.

18. "Using and Hacking Robots with Lego Mindstorms," Poptronics, January, 2000, pp. 61-64.

19. First, "Inspiration and Recognition Access Science and Technology ", December 2004.

20. Miles, Pete, Robot Sumo: The Official Guide, Berkeley McGraw, 2002.

About the Author

Nicholas L. Cherney III graduated in Electrical Engineering at the University of Cincinnati and currently works in the telecommunications industry. He resides in Cincinnati, Ohio with his wife Erin and newborn Nathan. Feel free to visit my family website at http://www.cherneycharm.com This article is also available in a .pdf format that will include missing pictures. Please email me at stok3d@gmail.com.

Oxfam Ireland: Christmas