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Falklands War

Lead to a conflict
Main article: Events leading to the Falklands War
In the period before the war, and especially after the transfer of power between military dictators Jorge Rafael Videla and General General Roberto Eduardo Viola to the end of March 1981, Argentina was in the middle a devastating economic crisis, and the large-scale civil unrest against the military junta that had been ruling the country since 1976. In December 1981 there was a change in the Argentine military regime that leads to a new gasket office led by General Leopoldo Galtieri (Acting Chairman), Brigadier Basilio Lami Dozo and Admiral Jorge Anaya. Anaya was the chief architect and author of a military solution to long-standing claim on the islands, the calculation that the United Kingdom would not respond militarily. Thus, Galtieri the government hoped to mobilize long Argentine patriotic feelings towards the islands and thus divert public attention from the chronic problems of the human economy and currently in the system of rights violations. Such measures would also increase its legitimacy in decline. The newspaper La Prensa speculates on a step by step, starting from the interruption of supplies to the islands to end the direct actions in late 1982, if the UN talks have been without success.
The constant tension between the two countries over the islands increased on 19 March when a group of vendors hired Argentinian scrap metal lifting the flag of Argentina to South Georgia, an act which later would be regarded as the first offensive action in the war. The military junta in Argentina, suspecting that the United Kingdom reinforce its forces from southern Atlantic, ordered the invasion of the Falkland Islands postponed to 2 April.
Admiral Jorge Anaya
Britain was initially surprised by the Argentine attack on the South Atlantic islands, despite repeated warnings by the Royal Navy captain Nicholas Barker and others. Barker said that the intention expressed in Defense Secretary John Nott, 1981 notice to withdraw from the Royal Navy's HMS Endurance, the British naval presence in the South Atlantic, sent a signal to the Argentinians that Britain did not, and soon now in a position to defend their territories and subjects in the Falklands.
War
The invasion by Argentina
Main article: 1982 Falklands invasion
Main article: Invasion of South Georgia
On April 2, 1982, Argentine forces Falkland Islands mounted amphibious landings, following the civil occupation of South Georgia on March 19 before the Falklands War began. The invasion was found with a symbolic defense organized by the governor of the Falklands Sir Rex Hunt to give the order to the commander Mike Norman, Royal Marines landing of Lieutenant Commander Guillermo Sanchez-Sabarots 'Amphibious Commando Group, Moody Brook barracks attack, the engagement between the troops of Hugo Santillan Trollope and Bill Stanley, and commitment to final delivery to the Government in the House.
The British publication response to invasion
HMS Invincible has been part of the working group.
Word of the invasion would first reached Britain via ham radio.
The recovery of the Malvinas Islands was a challenge The main limitation is the disparity on air cover deployment (the British Harrier 34 220 fighters against Argentina). The Navy considered a success against the British invasion of being "a military impossibility. The United States first tried to negotiate an end to the conflict. However, when Argentina refused peace overtures from the United States U.S. Secretary of State Alexander Haig announced that the U.S. ban on arms sales to Argentina and to provide material support to British operations. Both Chambers, the U.S. Congress his willingness to support the lining of the United States' action with the United Kingdom.
In mid-April, Royal Air Force has established an airbase at Wideawake British Overseas mid-Atlantic island of Ascension, including a major Force Avro Vulcan B Mk 2 bombers Handley Page Victor K Mc two refueling aircraft, and McDonnell Douglas Phantom FGR Mk 2 fighters to protect them. Meanwhile, the main British naval task force arrived Ascension to prepare for active duty. A small force had been sent south to return to South Georgia.
The meetings began in April, the Task Force has been overshadowed by the Boeing 707 Air Force Argentina during his travels on the map south of the FAA. Most of these flights have been intercepted by BAe Sea Harrier outside the exclusion zone imposed by the British, the 707 weapons were not attacked by the diplomatic efforts were still ongoing and the United Kingdom had not yet decided to commit the armed forces. On 23 April, a Brazilian commercial Douglas DC-10 Varig Airlines on the route to South Africa was arrested by British Harrier aircraft was commercial passenger.
Recapture of South Georgia and the attack on Santa Fe
The strength of South Georgia Paraquat by operation, under the command of Major Guy Sheridan RM, integrated by Marines of 42 Commando, a group of Special Air Service (SAS) and Special Boat Service (SBS) troops who were destined to land as reconnaissance forces for an invasion by the Royal Marines. All were built Tidespring the FRG. 'First come Churchill was the submarine HMS Conqueror Class, April 19, and Island has been flown by a radar mapping Handley Page Victor, April 20.
The first landings of SAS troops took place on 21 April butith southern hemisphere autumn NIHE parameter of time was so bad that their landings and the next day, all were withdrawn after two helicopters crashed in fog on Fortuna Glacier. On April 23, an alert is triggered submarine operations were disrupted, with the Tidespring be withdrawn deeper waters to avoid interception. On 24 April, British forces regrouped and went on the attack.
On 25 April, after the supply of the garrison on South Georgia, Argentina, the submarine ARA Santa Fe was detected on the surface by a Westland Wessex HAS Mk 3 helicopter HMS Antrim, which has attacked the Argentine submarine with depth charges. HMS Plymouth has launched a helicopter Westland Wasp HMS bright HAS.Mk.1 launched a Westland Lynx Mk 2. The Lynx has launched a torpedo, and strafed the submarine assembly mounted General Purpose Machine Gun, the Wessex also shot in Santa Fe with GPMG. Wasp from HMS Plymouth as well as two other Wasps launched missiles fired from ships HMS Endurance AS-12 ASM to the submarine, scoring hits. Santa Fe has been damaged enough to prevent diving. The crew abandoned the submarine moored at King Edward Point on South Georgia.
With Tidespring now far out to sea and Argentine forces augmented by the crew of the submarine, Commander Sheridan decided to gather 76 men who had and make a direct attack against the day. After a short forced march by British troops, the Argentine forces surrendered without resistance. The message sent by the navy in South Georgia in London was "pleased to inform Your Majesty that the White Ensign flies alongside the Union Jack in South Georgia. God Save the Queen." Broke Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher the news media, saying only "rejoice like new!"
Black Buck raids
Main article: Operation Black Buck
RAF Avro B.2 Vulcan strategic bomber.
In a Briton can Falkland Islands operations opened with the "Black Buck 1" attack (of a series of five) in the Stanley airfield. The overall effect of the attacks on the war is difficult to determine, and the raids of the precious oil resources consumed. Raids least harm to the runway and damage was quickly repaired radar. Usually dismissed as propaganda after the war, the sources were Argentina Original source claims that the Vulcan raids influenced Argentina to withdraw some of its Mirage III of southern Argentina to Buenos Aires Area Defense. The penalty has been diluted, however, when British authorities said there would be no attacks on air bases in Argentina.
Of the five Black Buck attacks, three were against Stanley Airfield, with two other anti-radar missions, anti-radiation missile with Pius.
The escalation of the air war
Royal Navy Fleet Air Arm Harrier FRS1 Wed Arrangement tan has been changed to a dull south route.
The Falklands had only three airfields. The longest paved runway and only to the capital, Stanley, and until it was too short to support fast jets. Therefore, the Argentines have been forced to launch their big strikes the continent, thereby hampering their efforts directed forward, the combat air patrols and close air support on the islands. Time for a stroll among the Argentine aircraft effective input is low, and were then forced to fly the British forces in any attempt to attack the islands.
The first major strike force Argentina with 36 Boeing (McDonnell Douglas A-4 Israel Aircraft Industries Skyhawk daggers, English Electric Canberra B Mk 62, Dassault Mirage III and accompanying persons), and was sent on May 1, in the belief that British invasion was imminent or had already occurred landings. Only part of Group 6 (IAI Dagger aircraft flying) have found ships, which fired Argentina defense near the islands. The Daggers managed to attack the ships and return safely. This has greatly boosted the morale of the Argentine pilots, who now knew I could survive an attack on modern warships, protected by ground radar echoes of the islands and a thin profile by using pop-up ads.
Meanwhile, other Argentine aircraft were intercepted by BAE Harrier Wed operation of HMS Invincible. A dagger and Canberra have been slaughtered.
Air Force Mirage IIIEA Argentina. Their lack of aerial refueling capability prevents the effective use in the islands in the role of air-air.
Fighting erupted between Sea Harrier FRS Mk 1 No. 801 fighters Naval Air Squadron and the Mirage III of Group 8. Both parties have refused to fight in the height addition to the other, until finally dropped two Mirages to participate. One was downed by a missile AIM-9L Sidewinder air-air (AAM), while the other escaped, but was damaged and without enough fuel to return to their base in continental air. The plane did to Stanley where he was the victim of "friendly fire" in the Argentine defenders.
After this experience, Air Force has decided to Argentina recruit A-4 Skyhawk and daggers through units of the only strike aircraft at night, and the Mirage III (without refueling capacity or ability of the MAO), and recurring to steal British Sea Harrier. The appeal is extended to the formation of Phoenix Squadron, a squadron of civil aircraft flying 24 simulated aircraft Attack preparing to attack the fleet. In one of these flights, an Air Force Learjet was shot down, killing the squadron commander, Vice Commodore Rodolfo De La Colina the highest ranking officer to die in the war against Argentina.
A Sea King Royal Navy Rescue Helicopter Squadron Ldr Jerry Pook, after forced to bail out the Sea Harrier GR3 was hit by ground fire in the west of Stanley on 30 May.
Used as a fortress Stanley Argentina during the conflict. Despite of black and Buck Harrier raids on Stanley airfield (no fast jets were there Air Defense) and the night bombing the ships separated, never been out of action altogether. Stanley was defended by mixed-air missile (SAM) systems (Franco-German Roland and Tigercat UK) and built in Switzerland Oerlikon 35 mm twin anti-aircraft guns. Lockheed Hercules transport night brought supplies, weapons, vehicles and fuel and transported to the injured until the end of the conflict. The few RN Sea Harrier were considered too precious to risk a day in night operations, blocking, and Blue Fox radar effectively controlled by the radar land.
Argentina, which Hercules killed by the British missed the June 1 to TC-63 was intercepted a Sea Harrier in broad daylight while he was searching in the British fleet on the north of the islands after Argentina withdrew its last Navy SP-2H Neptune due to the decrease of the cell.
Several options to attack the port of Ro Grande Etendard Argentine five have been reviewed and updated (Operation Mikado), and five Royal Navy submarines lined up, submerged at the edge of Argentina territorial limit of 12 miles to provide early warning of attacks on the British task force
Sinking of Belgrano
See also: ARA General Belgrano sinking
The ARA General Belgrano flowing.
Two separate task forces of the British Navy (surface ships and submarines) and fleet operating in Argentina in the Falklands area, and soon came into conflict. The first naval defeat of World War II vintage light cruiser ARA General Belgrano, Argentina. The submarine HMS Conqueror sunk nuclear Belgrano, May 02 Three hundred twenty-three members of the Belgrano crew died in the incident. Of the 700 men have been rescued from sea despite the cold seas and storms. Belgrano loss amounted to just over half of Argentine deaths in the Falklands conflict and the loss ARA General Belgrano hardened the position of the Argentine government.
Regardless of the controversy over the sinking, which occurred a fundamental strategic effect: the elimination Argentina naval threat. After his loss, the fleet in Argentina, with the exception of conventional submarines ARA San Luis, returned to port and do not leave for the duration of hostilities. The two escorting destroyers and the battle group centered on the aircraft carrier ARA May Twenty withdrew from the region, ending the direct threat the British fleet who had represented his claws.
In a separate incident later that night, British forces, a patrol of Argentina, ARA Alferez Sobral. At the same time, Ensign Sobral was looking for the bomber crew of the Argentina Air Force English Electric Canberra light shot down on May 1 Two Royal Navy Lynx fired four Sea Skua missiles against it. Badly damaged and with eight crew members died, Sobral made it back to Puerto Deseado two days later, but the team never found Canberra.
Initial reports confused the two incidents, contributing to confusion about the number of victims and the identity of the ship that sank. The British tabloid The Sun has welcomed the initial report of the attack with the title of "Gotcha." This first edition was published before the news knew that the Belgrano had actually cast (instead of the reports, incorrectly, that the warship had sunk) and did not report Argentina real deaths. The title was replaced in later editions tempered by something else "has 1200 Argia drown?".
Shipwreck HMS Sheffield
See also: Sinking of HMS Sheffield
French built Super Etendard naval aviation in Argentina.
On May 4, two days after the sinking Belgrano, the British lost the Type 42 destroyer HMS Sheffield to fire following an Exocet missile strike. Sheffield had been charged before with two Type 42 provide long-range radar and missiles of medium height picket near the British carrier. He was struck amidships, with devastating effect in the final instance, killing 20 crew members and seriously injuring 24 others. The ship was abandoned within a few hours, gutted and deformed by the fires continue to burn for more than six days. She finally sank outside the Maritime Exclusion Zone May 10
The incident is described in detail by Admiral Sandy Woodward in Book One Hundred Days, Chapter One. Woodward was a former commander of Sheffield.
The operational tempo has increased during the second half of May the United Nations attempts to mediate peace were rejected by the British, who felt that any delay would make a campaign in the practice of the South Atlantic storms. The destruction of Sheffield has had a profound impact on the British public, bringing home the fact that the Falklands "crisis", according to the BBC, he said, was now a fire war real.
SAS operations
propaganda pamphlet for the British-Argentine soldiers dropped during the Falklands conflict. Titled convicted Islands " warns Argentine naval vessels and aircraft shall not enter into the exclusion zone of the Falkland Islands.
Given the threat to the British fleet posed by the combination Exocet-Etendard, plans were made for the use of SAS troops to attack the home base of the standard five Ro Grande, Tierra del Fuego. The operation was code-named "Mikado." The aim was to destroy missiles and aircraft that took them, and kill the pilots in their neighborhoods. Two plans have been developed and have undergone preliminary repetition landing of about fifty-five SAS in two Hercules C-130 on the track in Rio Grande, and infiltration of twenty-four inflatable boats provided by SAS a few miles from the coast by a submarine. Or implementation plan, the previous plan airborne assault attracted a lot of hostility from some members of the SAS, which examined the raid has proposed a mission suicide. Ironically, the region of Rio Grande would be defended by force of four infantry battalions of Marines complete Argentina Navy Armada Argentina, some officers have been trained in the UK a few years ago by the SBS.
After the war, Argentina Marina commanders admitted they expected some type of landing SAS forces, but do not expect to land a Hercules directly in its tracks, but British forces have continued, even in Chilean territory were attacked.
A SAS reconnaissance team was sent to carry out preparations for the infiltration by sea. A Westland Sea King helicopter carrying affected team took off from HMS Invincible on the night of May 17, but bad weather forced it to land 50 miles (80 kilometers) from its target, and the mission was abandoned. The pilot came down in Chile and the SAS team, before setting fire to his helicopter and delivered to the Chilean authorities. The discovery of the Holocaust to the helicopter attracted international attention at the moment.
On 14 May, SAS made the raid on Pebble Island in the Falkland Islands, where the Armada Argentina has taken over a track grass landing FMA Pucara IA-58 light attack aircraft and ground Mentors T-34. The attack destroyed the aircraft there.
Landing in the Callejon de San Carlos pump
Main article: Operation Sutton
Context landing in the Falklands.
landing sites of San Carlos.
An Argentine Force Air A-4C Skyhawk flying to the islands.
Color painted door guardian of the last A-4Q Argentina Navy to attack HMS Ardent. The pilot Lieutenant Marcelo Gustavo Mrquez was killed in action.
During night, May 21, the British Amphibia Task Force under the command of Commodore Michael Clapp (Commodore, amphibians Warfare – COMAW) mounted Operation Sutton amphibious landing on the beaches around San Carlos Water, on the northwest coast of East Falkland Falkland Sound views. The bay, known as the Pump Dead by British forces, was the scene of repeated attacks by the jets of air at low altitude Argentina.
4.000 3 Commando Brigade men went ashore as follows: 2nd Battalion Parachute Regiment (2 Para) Ferry Norland and 40 Commando (Royal Marines) of the amphibious ship HMS Fearless were landed in San Carlos (Playa Azul), 3 by the amphibious ship HMS Intrepid landed in Puerto San Carlos (Green Beach) and RFA Stromness 45 Commando were landed at Ajax Bay (Red Beach). For example, waves of 8 August LCVP UML and were led by Major Ewen Southby Tailyour who had commanded the detachment of the Falklands just a year ago. 42 Commando in the lining of the SS Canberra was a tactical reserve. Units of the Royal Artillery, Royal Engineers and tanks etc have also been landed with the landing craft, the kind of cycle Table mexeflote LSL and barges. Rapier missile launcher underslung loads were made as a Sea King for rapid deployment.
At dawn next day, had established a solid beachhead on which to conduct offensive operations. Brigadier Thompson's plan was to capture Darwin and Goose Green before turning towards Port Stanley. Now with British troops on the ground, the Air Force Argentina began the bombing campaign of the night against Canberra bombers used until the last day of war (June 14).
At sea, the lack of air defense of the British ship "has been demonstrated in the collapse of May 21 HMS Ardent, HMS Antelope May 21, and the MV Atlantic Conveyor (hit by two Exocet AM39) 25 May with vital cargo of helicopters, equipment for the construction of the runway and tents. The loss of all but one of the Chinook helicopter that was conducted by the Atlantic Conveyor was a severe blow to a logistical standpoint. Also lost that day was the HMS Coventry, a sister to HMS Sheffield, whilst in the company of HMS Sword after being ordered to act as a decoy to lead other Argentine aircraft's ships in the bay of San Carlos. HMS Argonaut and HMS Brilliant were badly damaged. However, many British ships escaped damage Because terminal tactics Argentine pilots bombing.
To avoid the highest concentration of British air defense, artillery published Argentine pilots very low altitudes, and therefore their rocket bombs had not had sufficient time to arm before impact. The launch of low-delay bombs (some of which were sold to Argentina British previous years) meant that many never exploded, and there was not enough airtime to be armed. A single bomb of free fall in output low level, almost directly below the aircraft impact area then the killing of the fragmentation of the explosion. A bomb has delayed a small parachute anchor opened to air or to slow the pump to produce a safe separation between the two. The rocket was delayed by a pump requires a minimum of time during which the timer is to ensure safe separation opening. The pilots were aware of it, but due to high concentration levels needed to avoid the SAM and AAA and British Sea Harrier could not raise the required departure point. The problem was solved by installing devices ExTempore slow, allowing low-level attacks as employees, June 08
In his autobiographical account of the Falklands War, Admiral Woodward blames the BBC World Service for these changes bombs. World Service reported lack of detonations after receiving a briefing on the subject of a Defense Ministry official. He described the BBC as more worried about being "afraid of the truth applicants" that the lives of British soldiers. H colonel. "Jones has filed similar charges against the BBC after have highlighted the imminent British attack on Goose Green by 2 Para. Jones had threatened to bring charges of treason by the BBC, for, but could not do it because he himself was killed in action near Goose Green.
Thirteen bombs hit British ships without exploding. Mr Craig Marshall retired from Royal Air Force, said, said: "Six better fuses [sic] and we would have lost," Ardent and Antelope and was lost despite the bombs failed to explode. The Rockets have worked well, and the bombs were released too low altitude. The Argentines have lost 22 aircraft in attacks.
Battle of Goose Green
East Falkland showing bridgehead San Carlos, Teal Inlet, Mt Kent and Mount Challenger.
Main article: Battle of Goose Green
From the beginning, May 27 through May 28 two Pará, (500 men) with the support of artillery August (drums Alma) Commando (Royal Artillery) approached and attacked Darwin and Goose Green, held the 12th Infantry Regiment Argentina. After a fierce battle that lasted all night and the next day, 17 British soldiers Argentina and 47 died. In total, 961 Argentine soldiers (including 202 staff Airfield Argentina Air Force Condor) were captured.
The BBC announced the capture of Goose Green in the BBC World Service before it actually happened. It was during this attack that Lieutenant Colonel H. Jones, the commander of 2 Para was killed during Argentina Load well prepared positions in front of his battalion. He was posthumously awarded the Victoria Cross.
With non-negligible force Argentina at Goose Green Road, British forces were now able to get out of the beachhead at San Carlos. On May 27, 1945 For boys and 3 Commando launched March 1st defendant East Falkland in the coastal town of Teal input.
Special forces on Mount Kent
During this time, 42 Commando ready to go by helicopter to Monte Kent. Unknown to British officials, were determined Argentine generals attached to British troops in the region of Mount Kent, and May 27 and May 28 sent transport planes loaded with the surface to air missiles torch and commands (602nd Commando Company and six hundred and first National Gendarmerie Special Forces Squadron Canada) at Stanley. The operation was named Operation self-imposed (self-determination Initiative).
For next week, the Air Service Special (SAS) and Mountain and Arctic warfare 3 Commando Brigade conducted Marco combat patrols with heavy patrol volunteer 602nd Commando Company in Major Aldo Rico, normally 2IC of the 22nd Infantry Mountain Regiment. Through May 30, the Royal Air Force Harriers were active on Mount Kent. A Harrier XZ 963 flown by Squadron Leader Jerry Pook to answer a call with the D Squadron, attacked Mount Kent East lower slopes, leading to destruction firearms by light. Pook was subsequently awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross.
Entrenched Argentine soldiers.
Argentina Navy used their last Exocet AM39 attempt to attack the HMS Invincible, May 30 There are claims of the missile hit, but the British have refused this, some argue that the HMS Avenger was shot.
On 31 May, the Royal Marines Mountain and Arctic warfare Framework (M & AWC) beat Argentina's special forces at the Battle Top Malo House. A 13-strong detachment of the Argentine Army Command (Captain Joseph Vercesi attack the First Division, 602nd Commando Company) found itself caught in the house of a shepherd Top Malo. The commandos fired Argentina windows and doors, and then took refuge in the river bed 200 meters (700 feet) from the burning house. Completely surrounded, and 19 M AWC fought Marines under Captain Rod Boswell for forty-five minutes until, with their ammunition nearly exhausted, chose to surrender.
Three members of the framework have been seriously injured. In the Argentine side there were two dead, including Lieutenant and Sergeant Matthew Sbert Ernesto Espinoza (which have been decorated for courage). Only five Argentines have been saved. When the British wiped Top Malo House, Hill came from Bad Lieutenant patrol AWC M Fraser & Haddow, waving a Union flag. A wounded soldier Argentina, Horacio Losito Lieutenant, said his escape route Haddow have taken the position.
Mayor Mario Commands Castagneto sixty-first tried to advance and Kawasaki motorcycles seized Land Rover to save 602nd Commando Company Mountain Ranch. Stained 42 Commando Royal Marines, who were committed to 81-mm mortars and two sisters forced to withdraw mountain. Captain Eduardo Villarruel at Estancia Mountain made its position became untenable, and after conferring with his fellow officers ordered a retreat.
The operation also saw extensive use in support of Argentina helicopter to the position and extract patrols the sixty-first Combat Aviation Battalion also suffered casualties. Around 11:00 30 May, an Aerospatiale SA-330 Puma has been reduced by a shoulder launched Stinger surface to air missiles (SAM) fired by the SAS in the vicinity of Mount Kent. Six Forces Special of the National Gendarmerie were killed and eight others were injured in the accident.
Brigadier Julian Thompson said: "It is fortunate that I had overlooked Northwood views expressed by the recognition of Mount Kent before insertion of 42 Commando was unnecessary. If Troop "D" was not there, Argentine command special forces have taken before landing in the dark and confusion in a strange landing area, causing heavy losses in men and helicopters. "
Bluff Cove and Fitzroy
Main article: Bluff Cove disaster
The remains RFA Sir Tristram left in Fitzroy.
On June 1, with the arrival of 5000 a new British soldiers of the 5th Infantry Brigade, the new British divisional commander, Major General Jeremy Moore RM, is strong enough to start planning an offensive against Stanley [ref. Necessary]
During this accumulation, the air assault Argentina continued British naval forces, killing 56. Among the dead, 32 were in the Welsh Guards and RFA Sir Galahad RFA Sir Tristram, June 08 According to the medical commander Rick Jolly Falklands Field Hospital, 150 men suffered burns and injuries of any kind in the attack, including the famous Simon Weston.
The guards were sent in support of an advance running through the south gate of Stanley. June 2 small edge of two moved to the Swan House into a series of Army Westland Scout helicopters. Fitzroy call before exploring the area Argentinos and clear (ultra vires) commanded the rest Chinook helicopter ferry frantically another contingent of two in advance to Fitzroy (Regulation on port Pleasant) and Bluff Cove (Regulation of confusion, and ultimately, perhaps fatally, in the port of Fitzroy).
This development caused nightmares for coordinated planning of the operation commanders combined as they were with 30 miles (48 km) to the positions of the chain indefensible on its southern flank. The aid could not be sent by air as the only remaining Chinook was already very successful. Soldiers can in March, but their heavy equipment and supplies must be transported by sea. Plans have been established for half Welsh-March guards light on the night of June 2, while the Scots Guards and the second half of the Welsh Guards were to be transferred to San Carlos Water in the logistics Landing ship (LSL) Sir Tristram and the platform of the landing platform (LPD) Intrepid on the evening of June 5 Intrepid was scheduled to stay a day and download it same and that much of Sir Tristram as possible, leaving the next afternoon for the relative safety of San Carlos. Escorts will be offered the day after Sir Tristram was left to download a Mexeflote (A raft with an engine) during the time it took to complete.
The political pressure from above not to risk the HPA Commodore Clapp forced to modify this plan. Two LSLs lower value would be sent, but no suitable beaches where land, landing craft would have to accompany Intrepid for download. A complex operation over several nights with Intrepid and Fearless sister brand of vessels flying halfway to its shipping business designed. The land requested by the March half the Welsh Guards no, probably because they refused to light in March and tried to lead his team. They returned to San Carlos and has been fired directly in Bluff Cove, where Fearless sent landing craft. Sir Tristram sailed on the night of June 6 and was joined by Sir Galahad at dawn Anchored on June 07 1200 feet (370 m), the port of landing ships were near Fitzroy nice, the designated landing.
The landing craft should have been able to unload ships at this point fairly quickly, but ordered the confusion at the point of landing (The first part of the Guard goes directly to Bluff Cove) has led the Welsh Guards infantry officers than on their troops to be transported directly stresses the longest distance Cove Port Fitzroy / Bluff. The alternative was for the infantry to march through the recently repaired Bluff Cove bridge (destroyed by the withdrawal of combat engineers Argentina) to their destination, a journey of about seven miles (11 km).
In the stern, Sir Galahad, there was an argument to make. The flight attendants were told they could not sail that day in Bluff Cove. They said the men had ship and the beach as soon as possible that the ships were vulnerable to enemy aircraft. It would take 20 minutes to transport men to the ground using local currency and Mexeflote. They then have the option of walking the seven miles to Bluff Cove or wait for dark to navigate. The flight attendants to remain on board until nightfall, then the candle. They refused to take his men from the ship. One may doubt that the bridge had been repaired due to the presence on board the Sir Galahad Royal company engineer whose work was to repair the bridge. Welsh Guards want to join the rest of his battalion, which were potentially facing the enemy without their support. They also saw no enemy aircraft since the arrival of San Luis, and perhaps has been more confidence in air defense. Ewen Southby-Tailyour gave a direct order for men to abandon ship and go to the beach. The order was ignored.
The longest journey time of the landing craft taking the troops directly in Bluff Cove, and conflicts over how the landing was made caused an enormous delay in unloading. This has had disastrous consequences. Without an escort had not yet established its air defense, and still almost fully charged, two in Puerto Pleasant LSLs sat two goals for the waves of Argentina A-4 Skyhawk.
The catastrophe in Port Pleasant (though often known as Bluff Cove) to provide the world with some of the dark images of war as television pictures showed news helicopters hovering in the thick smoke surrounding the survivor Marina Landing ship in flames. British losses were 48 dead and 115 wounded. 3 Argentine pilots were also killed. However, Argentina General Mario Menendez Argentine commander in the Falklands, said that 900 British soldiers have died. It is expected that the losses cause the enemy morale to fall and the British attack to stop.
The fall of Stanley
British paratroops guard Argentine prisoners of war Cleaning Stanley.
Notable battles:
Battle of Mount Harriet
Battle of Mount Longdon
Battle of Wireless Ridge
Battle of Mons in ruins
Battle of Two Sisters
On the night of June 11 after several days of hard recognition and logistical buildup, British forces launched a night attack size of a brigade against heavily defended hills ring around Stanley. Units of 3 Commando Brigade, supported by naval gunfire from several Royal Navy ship, simultaneously attacked at the Battle of Mount Harriet, Battle Two Sisters, and the battle of Mount Longdon. Monte Harriet were taken at a cost of 2 to 18 British and Argentine soldiers. He has two sisters, the face of British resistance enemy as friendly fire, but managed to capture their objectives. The hardest part was the battle of Mount Longdon. British forces have been bogged down by an assault rifle mortars, machine guns, artillery, sniper fire and ambushes. However, the British continued their advance.
During this battle, 13 killed when HMS Glamorgan straying too close to shore, while returning from the firing line, was the impact of a launch trailer based on the destroyer taking Exocet MM38 Ségou ARA Navy technicians Argentina. That day, Sergeant Ian McKay of 4 Platoon, B Company, 3 Para was killed in a grenade attack a bunker in Argentina, which earned him the Victoria Cross posthumously. After a night of intense fighting, all objectives were achieved. Both sides suffered heavy losses.
On the night of June 13 marked the beginning of the second phase of attacks, including the momentum of the initial assault continued. For two captured with the support of Wireless Ridge Reservoir in the Battle of Wireless Ridge, a loss of 3 British and 25 deaths Argentina, and the 2nd Battalion, Scots Guards captured Mount in ruins in the Battle Mount in ruins, which cost the British 10 killed and 30 Argentine dead.
A pile of discarded weapons Stanley Puerto Argentino.
With the last line Monte's natural defense ruins raped, the defense of the city of Stanley Argentina began to falter. In the morning darkness, a company commander was lost and his subordinates became depressed. Private Santiago Carrizo third Regiment described how a platoon commander ordered them to take up positions in houses and "if you kelpe resists, shoot him ", but society as a whole has nothing to so.
The commander of the garrison Argentina in Stanley, Mario Brigadier General Menndez, presented to Major General Jeremy Moore. 9800 Argentine troops were prisoners of war and some of 4167 under the command of Major Carlos Carrizo Eduardo Salvador, were repatriated to Argentina only the lining of Canberra.
Uruguay Corvette Discount
On June 20 the British took the South Sandwich Islands (which means accept the surrender of the garrison of South Thule base Corvette Uruguay) and declared hostilities over. Argentina Uruguay Corvette established in 1976, but before 1982, if the United Kingdom questioned the existence of the base Argentina only through diplomatic channels.
Low
"Monument to the markets in the Falklands" (Monument the dead Falkland Islands) in Plaza San Martín, Buenos Aires.
Argentina Military Cemetery, in East Falkland.
San Carlos War Memorial and Cemetery, the Falkland Islands.
In all 907 were killed during the 74 days of the conflict:
Argentina – 649
El Ejército Argentino (Army) – 194 (16 officers, 35 noncommissioned officers and soldiers 143 recruits)
Navy of the República Argentina (Marina) – 341 (with 321 and 4 Belgrano naval aviators)
Imara (Marines) – 34
Argentina Area Force (Fuerza Air) – 55 (including 31 pilots and 14 crew on the ground)
Argentina Gendarme Nacional (Border Guard) – 7
Argentina Coast Guard (Coast Guard) – 2
civilian mariners – 16
United Kingdom – 258
Royal Navy – 86 + 2 bleach Hong Kong (see below)
Royal Marines – 27 (2 officers, 14 noncommissioned officers and 11 sailors)
Royal Fleet Auxiliary – 4 + 4 Hong Kong bleach
Merchant Marine – 6 + 2 Hong Kong Marine
Army United Kingdom – 123 (7 officers 40 NCOs and 76 soldiers)
Royal Air Force – 1 (an agent)
Falkland Islands civilians – 3 (3 women killed by "friendly fire")
Of the 86 members Royal Navy, 22 were lost aboard the HMS Ardent, 19 + 1 lost in HMS Sheffield, 18 + 1 lost in HMS Coventry and 13 lost in HMS Glamorgan. Fourteen marine cooks were among the dead, the most in any branch of the Royal Navy.
Thirty-three of the British Army were killed came from the Welsh Guards 21 3rd Battalion, the Parachute Regiment, 18 2nd Battalion, the Parachute Regiment, 19 Special Air Service (SAS) 3 of the Royal Signals and 8 of each of the Scots Guards and Royal Engineers.
As memories of the islands, there is a memorial to British war dead in the crypt of St Paul's Cathedral in London. There is a monument to the Plaza San Martín in Buenos Aires for Argentina's war dead, another in Rosario, and third to Ushuaia.
During the war dead were British placed in plastic bags and buried in mass graves. After the war, bodies were removed from the funeral and burial. Argentina dead were buried in islands during the war. United Kingdom offered to send the bodies to Argentina, but Argentina refused, knowing that the rest would ensure a continuous presence in Argentina on the islands. This is a cemetery for those killed in the Argentina Islands.
There were no British casualties Argentina 1188 and 777 nonfatal. More hospitals and hospital ships is at Ajax Bay, list of hospitals and hospital ships of the Royal Navy, HMS Hydra. In the Argentine side side of the military hospital in Port Stanley, Air Force Mobile Argentina Field Hospital was deployed to Comodoro Rivadavia and naval vessels Argentina ARA Almirante Irizar ARA Bahia Paraiso and have become hospital ships
Although some have been cut down, a considerable number of landmines still exist in the islands and in Port William Island Soledad.
There are another 125 uncleared minefields in the Falkland Islands unexploded ordnance are scattered across the battlefield because of the soft peat. According forcesmemorial.org.uk through the Falklands 25 years "Official publication of the commemorative" 30 British soldiers have died in the islands since the end of hostilities.
See also the ground forces in Argentina and Britain in the Falklands War
Impact
Main article: aftermath of the Falklands War
This short war has many implications for all parties involved, besides the loss of many lives and property.
In the United Kingdom, Margaret Thatcher won time and support they needed for their economic policies take effect, national pride has received a boost of confidence and security, the Royal Navy proved its value a again. Subsequently, Nott proposed reductions in the Royal Navy have been abandoned.
The islanders were later restored full British citizenship in 1983, their way of life has improved through investments in Britain after the war and the economic liberalization measures that had been locked for fear of offending Argentina. In 1985 a new constitution was enacted to promote self-government, which has continued to delegate power to the island.
The war of Argentina also had an effect on how to avoid war with Chile and, more importantly, the return of democracy. He had a great social impact, destroying the image of the military reserve, the nation moral he had maintained during much of the 20th century.
Public relations
Argentina
Selection of the war correspondents routinely held in Port Stanley in military aircraft to report on the war. Back in Buenos Aires newspapers and magazines faithfully on "the heroic actions of the great army conscript and success.
Intelligence officers are attached to newspapers and the "leaks" of information supporting the government officially. The Seven People magazine Das inflated bright and sixty pages color photos of British warships on fire – many of them false – and false witness reports commands Argentina guerrilla war in South Georgia and the May 6 attack on a pilot had died on HMS Hermes Pucara (Lieutenant Daniel Antonio Jukic Goose Green had been killed during a British air raid on 1 May). Most false picture actually came from the tabloids.
Argentine troops in the Falkland Islands could read the newspaper Gaceta Argentina designed to increase military morale. Some of his falsehoods could easily be revealed by the soldiers recovered the bodies.
The course of Argentine Malvinas United in an environment that protected patriotic critics of the junta, and even opponents of the military government supported Galtieri, Ernesto Sabato said: "Make no mistake, Europe is not a dictatorship struggle for the Falklands nation is everything. Opponents of the military dictatorship, like me, struggle to eradicate the last vestige of colonialism. "Even the Mothers of May Square have been exposed to threats to kill ordinary people.
HMS Invincible has been repeatedly cast in the press in Argentina, and April 30, 1982 Argentina Tal Cual magazine UK PM Thatcher was an eye patch and text: pirates, witches and a murderer. Guilty!
Three British journalists sent to Argentina to cover the war from the "other side" had been imprisoned until the end of the war.
United Kingdom
"The Sun" Gotcha "global.
Seventeen journalists, two photographers, two radio reporters and television with three journalists sailed five technicians with the Task Force of the war. Newspaper Publishers Association selected among 160 candidates, excluding the foreign media. Due his hasty departure, not all of them were "things": HMS Invincible two journalists interested in anything other than the Queen Elizabeth II is the son of Prince Andrew.
Merchant vessels civil uplink Inmarsat has written the report audio telex and satellite transmission. Canberra has a fax machine that used to download images 202 South Atlantic during the war. The Royal Navy leased bandwidth on the system Communications of the U.S. Defense Communications Satellite worldwide. TV ask a thousand times the data rate memory, but the MoD has failed to convince the United States to allocate more bandwidth. TV producers suspected that the investigation was half-hearted, from Vietnam Television images of war victims and traumatized soldiers were recognized as having a value of negative propaganda. But technology is the only allow downloading a single framework for 20 minutes – and only if the satellites military have been assigned to 100% of television programs. Videotapes were sent to Ascension Island, where a satellite link bandwidth is available, which is the television coverage was delayed by three weeks.
The press was very dependent on the Royal Navy, and has been censored on the website. Many journalists United Kingdom knew more about war than with the Task Force.
The Royal Navy Fleet Street is expected to lead a campaign-style War II positive news but most of the British press, including the BBC, said the war in a neutral way. The journalists called the "British troops" and " Argentine troops "instead of" our boys "and dehumanization" Argia ". The two main tabloids presents issues opposite view: The Daily Mirror has been decidedly against the war, while the sun has become notorious for its jingoistic headlines and xenophobia, including the title April 20 "Stick Its board it up! "and was convicted of" Gotcha "as following the sinking of ARA General Belgrano.
The cultural impact
Main article: cultural impact of the Falklands War
Newsweek magazine cover April 19, 1982. HMS Hermes photo.
There were no major influence on popular culture, both in the United Kingdom and Argentina, the immediate post-war today. Words and Exocet yomp entered the vernacular the British after the war. The War of the Falkland also provided material for theater, film and theater and television production influenced musicians including (among others), Iron Maiden, Pink Floyd, New Order, Gang of Four, Joe Jackson, Crass, Dire Straits (Brothers in arms song was played in memory of fallen soldiers), New Model Army, the Levellers, Steve Dahl, Latin Quarter, the Super Furry Animals, and Elvis Costello, whose song "Shipbuilding", sung by Robert Wyatt, reached the 40 top-Columbia.
See also
Falkland Islands sovereignty dispute
The restoration of British rule over the Falklands (1833)
Beagle conflict between Chile and Argentina in 1978
Operation Sovereign military planning against Chile Argentina
British logistics in the Falklands War
Argentina air forces in the Falklands War
British air services in the Falklands War
A plan of operations not covered by the Argentine military Algeciras to send Montoneros to sabotage the British military facilities in Gibraltar.
Notes
^ "Falklands 25: Presentation of information. Ministry Defense. http://www.mod.uk/DefenceInternet/FactSheets/Falklands25BackgroundBriefing.htm. Retrieved on 01/11/2009.
^ ":: Ministry of Defence – República Argentina: "(In Spanish). Www.mindef.gov.ar. Http://www.mindef.gov.ar/veteranos Malvinas.html. Retrieved 01/11/2009.
^ Location: "The Falklands War Falkland Islands "Islas Malvinas alkland SLA (linkback: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falklands_War)
^ Location: "The South Georgia Falklands War Outh "Georgia and South Sandwich, K (linkback: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falklands_War)
^ ab "Islands Falkland Islands – A history of the conflict in 1982. Raf.mod.uk. 10/01/2004. Http: / / www.raf.mod.uk / Falklands / rollofhonour.html. Retrieved 7/2/2010.
^ Office Argentine Foreign February 11, 2010
^ National constitución "Argentina legtima način Sovereign Its ratification and inalienable More on Falkland Islands and South Georgia and South Sandwich island Spaces for Tuesday and, at the request of an integral part of the service for Homeland
^ CMO Avoid becoming a State Quebec London Independent Malvinas Nations Together ". Clarin.com. Http://www.clarin.com/suplementos/zona/2007/04/01/z-03415.htm. Retrieved 7/2/2010.
^ "Argentina – the horrors of a dictatorship live in the past – Radio Nederland – "English. Radionetherlands.nl. 30/03/2006. Http: / / www.radionetherlands.nl/currentaffairs/arg060330mc. Retrieved on 07/02/2010.
^ (Spanish) Malvinas, La Trama Secreta. Buenos Aires: Sudamericana / Planeta. 1983. ISBN 9789503700068. Page [edit]
^ 'See how that CSR and raise Another Tena With national pride against. Board never told me Altieri Crey britnicos The fight will give Quebec. L SE CREA West Quebec corrupted Haba. What God did not britnicos The tenan, UNITED STATES Haba is corrupted … I could never behold THEIR convention that did not fight a IBAN SLO, Quebec Adems going to win. ("He or national pride, or anything else. Altieri Board he said he never believed that the British response. He thought that the Western world has been damaged. That the British people was not God, that the U.S. was corrupt … Never I could convince the British not only defend but also to win [the war]. ") The način / online Islas Malvinas." Haig: "Falkland It was my Waterloo. Http: / / # www.malvinasonline.com.ar/g82/artic/aresp004.htm Haig. Retrieved September 21, 2006. [Dead] link (in Spanish)
^ "Ministry of Educational, Scientific and način Tecnologie "(PDF). http://www.me.gov.ar/curriform/publica/sirlin_conv_dictadura.pdf. Retrieved on 07/02/2010.
Abc ^ Jimmy Burns: The land that lost its heroes, 1987, Bloomsbury Publishing, ISBN 0-7475-0002-9
Aires ^ "''In Aires, began a Board Consider Falkland Islands and South Georgia "before" to occupy britnicos enhancers that could.'' Portierramaryaire.com. http://www.portierramaryaire.com/arts/malvinas_1.php. Retrieved on 07/02/2010.
^ Briley, Harold (April 9, 1997). "Obituary: Captain Nicholas Barker (Subscription required for online access through newspaper archives NewsUK site). The Independent: p. 16. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2003&res_dat=xri:pqil:res_ver=0.2&res_id=xri:newsuk&rft_id=xri:newsuk:newsart:36868535. Retrieved on September 23, 2009.
^ "High cost cuts, The | Spectator, The | Find Articles at BNET.com. Findarticles.com. Http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3724/is_199705/ai_n8781734. Retrieved on 07/02/2010.
^ Margolis, Laurie (2/4/2007). "UK | How BBC man dug new invasion." News from the BBC. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/6514011.stm. Retrieved on 07/02/2010.
Hundred Days ^ Woodward, Admiral Sandy (1992) Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, p.72. 9781557506511 ISBN 9781557506528 ISBN. Cited Rule the Waves: How the British Navy have marked the modern world Herman, A (2004) Harper Collins, New York, p.560
^ Grimmett, Richard F. (01 June 1999). "Foreign Policy Roles of the President and Congress." U.S. State Department. Http: / / # fpc.state.gov/6172.htm President_as_Initiator. Retrieved on 24/02/2010.
^ Brown 1987, p. 110
^ ab "Submarine Operations during the Falklands War – United States Naval War College. Http: / / handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA279554. Retrieved 7/2/2010.
^ "1982: Marines in southern Georgia. BBC. April 25, 1982. Http: / / news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/april/25/newsid_2503000/2503977.stm. Accessed June 20, 2005.
^ "… For twenty to one of the bombs Port Stanley will take about one million one hundred thousand pounds of fuel – the same [sic] about 137 000 gallons. This is enough fuel to fly 260 missions to bomb the Sea Harrier in Port Stanley. This in turn means that more than 1,300 bombs. Interesting! "Page 186 in Sharkey Ward: Sea Harrier over the Falklands, 1992, Cassell Military Pocket, ISBN 0-304-35542-9
^ "Propaganda was, of course, use later to try to justify these missions: "The Mirage III was redesigned from southern Argentina to Buenos Aires to add Defense ago after raids Vulcano in the islands. Apparently, the logic behind this statement was that if the Vulcan could hit Port Stanley, [Sic Buenos Aires] was within the scope implemented as well and was vulnerable to similar attacks. I'm never with such nonsense. One or two Vulcan Running in the attack on Buenos Aires, without the support of hunting would have received shot to hell in the fast time. "-" Mirage III were in evidence near the islands on several occasions during the conflict or reconnaissance escort missions or Neptune "interference" flights that have tried to attract the attention of the CAP away from air-ground attacks. "-" Just tell me you do not need more than a Mirage III or two to get an attack on Buenos Aires Vulcan "-" It would have been much more than a single attack Vulcan Buenos Aires pages 247-48 upset at Sea Harrier over the Malvinas
^ "Offensive Air Operations of the Falklands War. Globalsecurity.org. Http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/library/report/1984/DWF.htm. "Because of these heavy losses … It was decided to remove the Mirage III continent to remain alert for a possible attack Vulcan."
^ "The Falkland Islands 1982 Air Defense: the fleet. "Globalsecurity.org. http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/library/report/1984/HJA.htm. Finally, the bombing caused a Argentines feared air attack on the mainland, forcing them to maintain some Mirage aircraft and Roland missile defense. "
^ "The Mirage family" (In Spanish), Aerospace (Fuerza Aerea Argentina), ISSN 0001-9127, http://www.aeroespacio.com.ar/site/anteriores/520-528/520/mirage.htm "The advocate The Territory M III be Argentina Continental Attack Possible RAF Vulcan bombers provide an Escort FAA The fighter-bombers and prevent attack aircraft of the Royal Navy, RAF on the Falklands.
("The Third M provide escort continental Argentina defend against possible attacks RAF Vulcan bombers, fighter bombers of the FAA, and to avoid attacks by aircraft of the Royal Navy and Royal Air Force in the Falklands). "
^ "The Falkland Islands 1982 Air Defense: from the fleet." Globalsecurity.org. Http: / / www.globalsecurity.org/military/library/report/1984/HJA.htm. "Unfortunately, the British Secretary of State of Defense announced more Later that England not to bomb targets in the Argentine continental territory. This statement was welcome no doubt, by the Argentine military command, because it allowed the very limited number of Roland SAM be deployed around the airfield at Stanley. "
^ Mottino Rodrguez, Horacio: The Falklands Artilla Argentina. Clo Ed, 1985. Page 170
^ "Fuerza Area Argentina. Fuerzaaerea.mil.ar. Http: / / www.fuerzaaerea.mil.ar/conflicto/caidos/baja01.html. Retrieved on 02/07/2010.
^ "News." Madryn.gov.ar. 02.04.2009. http://www.madryn.gov.ar/noticias.php?newsid=3213. Retrieved on 07/02/2010.
^ Sharkey Ward (2003). Sea Harrier over the Falklands. Cassell. ISBN 0-304-35542-9.
^ "Argentina Force Area. Fuerzaaerea.mil.ar. Http://www.fuerzaaerea.mil.ar/conflicto/dias/jun01.html. Retrieved 07/02/2010.
^ "Description ASN Aircraft accident Lockheed C-130H Hercules TC-63 – Pebble Island. Air safety.net. Http: / / aviation-safety.net/database/record.php? Id = 19820601-0 & lang = en. Retrieved on 07/02/2010.
^ Evans, Michael (November 27, 2007). "Underwater and undercover: how nuclear submarines were in the front line of defense of the Falklands. "Times Online. Http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/uk/article2950936.ece.
^ Admiral Woodward Sandy, a Hundred Days, page 8. ISBN 9780007134670
^ "The SAS vs. Exocet." www.eliteukforces.info. 27/10/2007. http://www.eliteukforces.info/articles/sas-versus-exocets.php # Prof. Retrieved on 02/07/2010.
^ Smith, Michael (March 8, 2002). "SAS suicide mission" to disable Exocet missiles. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2002/03/08/nfalk08.xml.
^ Middlebrook, P. 75.
^ The Marine, Navy Argentina in the conflict in South Atlântica, ISBN 987-433-641-2
^ Thatcher in the dark about the sinking Belgrano -] The Times Online [link dead
^ Location: "Bomb" alkland water Avenida Carlos Islands (linkback: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falklands_War # Landing_at_San_Carlos_.E2.80.94_Bomb_Alley)
^ Yates, David (2006). Bomb Alley - Falkland Islands 1982. Pen and sword. ISBN 9781844154173. Page [edit]
^ "Mundo | tour ends in the Falklands Charles somber note. BBC News. 03/15/1999. Http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/297414.stm. Retrieved 2/7/2010.
Rumley ^, Leesa (01/06/2007). Captain Hart Dyke, commander of HMS Coventry''''». BBC. Http: / / news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/6705387.stm. Retrieved on 07/02/2010.
Ab ^ Sandy Woodward (2003). Hundred Days: The Memoirs of the Battle Group Commander of the Falklands. HarperCollins. ISBN 0-0071-3467-3; 9781557506511 ISBN: 9781557506528 ISBN ..
^ "British ships sunk and damaged – Falklands War 1982." Naval history.net. Http: / / www.naval-history.net/F62brshipslost.htm. Retrieved on 07/02/2010.
^ Gethin Chamberlain (April 5, 2002). "Could the British forces in position to take over the Falklands today?" (Subscription required to access the files). The Scotsman: p. 12. Retrieved on April 5, 2002. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2003&res_dat=xri:pqil:res_ver=0.2&res_id=xri:newsuk&rft_id=xri:newsuk:newsart:112991016.
^ "Falklands Conflict: Battles: History." Royal Navy. 02/04/1982. Http: / / www.royal-navy.mod.uk/server/show/nav.3956. Retrieved 7/2/2010.
^ [May 21/27th: 9 Dagger, 5 A-4C, 3 A-4Q, three A-4B and two] Pucara
^ Location: Mount Kent "Kent alkland ount Islands (linkback: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falklands_War # Special_forces_on_Mount_Kent)
^ London Gazette: (Supplement) no. 49 134, p. 12 854, 08 October 1982. Retrieved on February 19, 2010.
^ "Aircraft Argentina in the Falklands. "Britain's-smallwars. Com. Http: / / www.britains-smallwars.com/Falklands/Exocet.html. Retrieved 7/2/2010.
^ "The Army Air Argentina – Group 5. Skyhawk.org. http://www.skyhawk.org/2e/argentina/argentina-af4th5th.htm. Retrieved on 07/02/2010.
^ "Super Etendard. Operationcorporate.com. 29/05/2007. http://www.operationco … About the Author

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BBC News -’Friendly fire’ kills soldiers 2007